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Sub-mW Keyword Spotting on an MCU: Analog Binary Feature Extraction and Binary Neural Networks

Authors: Gianmarco Cerutti; Lukas Cavigelli; Renzo Andri; Michele Magno; Elisabetta Farella; Luca Benini;

Sub-mW Keyword Spotting on an MCU: Analog Binary Feature Extraction and Binary Neural Networks

Abstract

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a crucial function enabling the interaction with the many ubiquitous smart devices in our surroundings, either activating them through wake-word or directly as a human-computer interface. For many applications, KWS is the entry point for our interactions with the device and, thus, an always-on workload. Many smart devices are mobile and their battery lifetime is heavily impacted by continuously running services. KWS and similar always-on services are thus the focus when optimizing the overall power consumption. This work addresses KWS energy-efficiency on low-cost microcontroller units (MCUs). We combine analog binary feature extraction with binary neural networks. By replacing the digital preprocessing with the proposed analog front-end, we show that the energy required for data acquisition and preprocessing can be reduced by 29x, cutting its share from a dominating 85% to a mere 16% of the overall energy consumption for our reference KWS application. Experimental evaluations on the Speech Commands Dataset show that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art accuracy and energy efficiency, respectively, by 1% and 4.3x on a 10-class dataset while providing a compelling accuracy-energy trade-off including a 2% accuracy drop for a 71x energy reduction.

Country
Italy
Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), 000, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, feature extraction, deep learning, binary neural networks, keyword spotting, Feature extraction; Neural networks; Quantization (signal); Task analysis; Power demand; Computational modeling; Memory management; Keyword spotting; quantization; binary neural networks; deep learning; feature extraction, Computer Science - Sound, 004, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Hardware Architecture (cs.AR), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, quantization, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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