The gaps between vocational students' skill competencies and the skills demanded by the industries bring major impacts towards the unemployment rate of vocational graduates. However, the mismatch of the competencies between the students and the industrial needs could not be solved through conventional learning methods. Ironically, the career competencies of these students seem to be best developed through the Competency-Based Training (CBT) learning environment. Content analysis was carried out to deliberate the factors that lead to an effective CBT learning environment for students in the technical field. Among the factors are; the source of learning, evaluation, clear objectives, the burden of tasks, good teaching and learning community. Then, the career competencies of vocational students, which consist of personal, technical, networking, self-profile, career exploration, and career control are reviewed, in relations to the factors of the effective CBT learning environment. Finally, a suggestion for future research is discussed.