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Abstract. The present paper describes the paleoecological evolution of the Dacian Basin starting with the Sarmatian time. The Uppermost Sarmatian is strongly regressive with freshwater faunas. However, the Meotian is transgressive and it is characterized by a Congeria fauna (indicating reduced salinity) and ostracoda of marine origin. Both groups disappeared at the end of the Meotian (a freshwater episode). The transgression of the Pontian brings about a new fauna (with new morphological structures). During the Middle Pontian, the biodiversity is maximal and the Pontian Sea extends to the Panonian Basin. During the Upper Pontian – Lower Dacian interval, there is a regressive phenomenon which gradually isolates the Dacian Basin from the Euxinian Basin. Two bioprovinces with distinct morphogenetic evolution take shape. In the Romanian, the Dacian Basin is a freshwater lake.