These are datasets on benthic diatom and insect communities sampled in 100 streams along a gradient of land use intensification, ranging from streams in pristine forests to agricultural catchments in southeast subtropical Brazil. Data also include information on instream and land-use variables. In addition to the datasets, we also provide the R codes used to investigate whether compositional uniqueness (LCBD) and species contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) of stream diatoms and insects can be predicted by instream and land-use characteristics and by species traits and taxonomic relatedness, respectively.

This study was funded by grant n° 2013/50424-1 from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) to TS.