Dataset for M Kloewer, S Hatfield, M Croci, PD Dueben and TN Palmer, 2021. Fluid simulations accelerated with 16 bits: Approaching 4x speedup on A64FX by squeezing ShallowWaters.jl into Float16, in review. This dataset contains data from simulations with ShallowWaters.jl with varying number formats and with or without a compensated time integration. All other parameters are shared between simulations. All .tar.gz are packed folders of the same name that contain netCDF files presenting velocities u,v, sea surface height eta, and tracer sst (sea surface temperature) run0002. Float16 simulation with compensated summation in the time integration. run0003. Float16 simulation without compensated summation in the time integration. run0004. Float64 reference simulation (without compensated summation in the time integration). run0005. Float16/32 mixed-precision simulation. No compensated time integration. Additionally, parameter.txt in each run summarizes all model parameters and progress.txt was created to monitor the progress of the data output during simulation. The file benchmarking.jld2 stores data for the benchmarking of the different runs as Julia's JLD2 format (a subset of HDF5). This dataset was created using the Isambard UK National Tier-2 HPC Service operated by GW4 and the UK Met Office, and funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EPSRC. For more details, see ShallowWaters.jl or the preprint Kloewer et al, 2021.