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Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience for Offshore Wind Farms

Authors: Jennifer Mielniczek; Corinna Köpke; Kushal Srivastava; Egon Schröder;

Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience for Offshore Wind Farms

Abstract

{"references": ["Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung, \"Gesetz zur \u00c4nderung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes und weiterer energierechtlicher Vorschriften,\", 01.01.2021.", "Gebauer, M. \" Cyber-Abwehrzentrum warnt vor Stromausfall in ganz Europa\",. Spiegel Netzwelt, 24.08.2018.", "Sch\u00f6nbohm, A. BSI-Magazin, pp. 24-25, January 2018 [Mit Sicherheit Industrial Control Systems in der Industrie 4.0, p. 24, 2018]", "Freudenberg, W. K. \"Why windfarms need to step up cyber security\". Offshore Industry (2018) Issue 5: 69-71.", "Referentenentwurf, Zweite Verordnung zur \u00c4nderung der BSI-Kritisverordnung, Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 22.04.2021.", "Kurzstellungnahme zur \u00c4nderung der zweiten Verordnung der BSI-Kritisverordnung, Bundesverband der Windparkbetreiber Offshore e.V. (BWO).", "https://www.bdew.de/energie/zweite-aenderungsverordnung-der-bsi-kritisverordnung-verabschiedet/", "Vinnem, J.-E., \"Offshore Risk Assessment vol 1\", Third Edition, Springer-Verlag, p.79, London 2014.", "Risk management \u2013 guidelines. Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH (2018)", "Information technology- Security techniques \u2013 Information security risk management. Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH (2018)", "Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), \"BSI-Standard 200-3: Risk Analysis based on IT Grundschutz \" Version 1.0, pp. 5-6, 2017.", "Vinnem, J.-E., \"Offshore Risk Assessment vol 2\", Third Edition, Springer-Verlag, p.642, London 2014.", "Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), \"BSI-Standard 200-3: Risk Analysis based on IT Grundschutz \" Version 1.0, pp. 11-12, 2017.", "U.S. Department of Energy, \"Roadmap for Wind Cybersecurity\", Office of energy efficient & renewable energy, p. 15, 2020.", "H\u00e4ring, I., Sansavini, G., Bellini, E., Martyn, N., Kovalenko, T., Kitsak, M., Vogelbacher, G., Ross, K., Bergerhausen, U., Barker, K., Linkov, I.: Towards a generic resilience management, quantification and development process: General definitions, requirements, methods, techniques and measures, and case studies. Resilience and Risk. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht pp. 21-80 (2017)", "Edwards, C.: Resilient Nation, London: Demos 2009.", "Thoma, K., ed. Resilien-Tech:\u00bb Resilience by Design \u00ab: a strategy for the technology issues of the future. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2014.", "Hiermaier, S., Hasenstein, S., Faist, K.: Resilience Engineering-how to handle the unexpected. In: 7th REA Symposium. p. 92 (2017)", "Queiroz, C., A. Mahmood, and Z. Tari. \"SCADASim\u2014A framework for building SCADA simulations.\" IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2.4 (2011): 589-597.", "Gronholt-Pedersen, J., \"Maersk says global IT breakdown caused by cyber attack\", https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-attackmaersk-idUSKBN19I1NO, 2017, accessed on 2021-07-15.", "K\u00f6pke, C., K. Srivastava, L. K\u00f6nig, N. Miller, M. Fehling-Kaschek, K. Burke, M. Mangini, I. Praca, A. Canito, O. Carvalho, F. Apolinario, N. Escravana, N. Carstengerdes, T. Stelkens-Kobsch 2021 Impact Propagation in Airport Systems, CPS4CIP 2020, LNCS 12618, 1-16, doi : https ://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69781-5_13.", "Viet Nam News, \"Chinese hackers attack VN's airports and Vietnam Airlines' website\", https://vietnamnews.vn/society/300416/chinesehackers-attack-vns-airports-and-vietnam-airlines-website.html, 2016, accessed on 2021-07-15."]}

Offshore wind farms (OWF) are relevant to the grid system and represent a substantial component in the energy transition. Risks such as cyber-physical threats need to be assessed and controlled to protect these infrastructures. In this work, it is aimed to model the relevant cyber and information security components of an OWF and to assess phase-specific risks. The model and risk assessment will be employed to propagate threats and to quantify the systems resilience.

Keywords

offshore wind farm, critical infrastructure, risk assessment, resilience, cyber-physical security

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