Climate changes and environmental degradation are a threat to the existence of Europe and the world. To overcome these challenges, at the end of 2019, the European Commission outlined as a main political line the proposal for the European Green Deal. In most of its aspects, this document is a benchmark for a new mindset that aims to turn the EU in a fair and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy in which there will be no net greenhouse emissions in 2050 and the economic growth will not depend on the use of resources. This publication reflects the path from the emergence of the idea of the European Green Deal to the policies pursued today. The academic papers developed in the field are analysed, as well as the prerequisites and challenges that lead to its implementation. An attempt has been made to answer questions related to the main goals of the Green Deal and how these aims correspond to the raw material industry which will be the industry with the most significant consequences in the next decade.