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Other literature type . 2021
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Other literature type . 2021
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Other literature type . 2021
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Pression anthropique sur les ressources naturelles dans le Parc National de Sena-Oura dans la Région du Mayo Kebbi Ouest en République du Tchad

Authors: Allah-Asra, D.C.; Hiol., H.F.; Foudjet., E.A.; Houmbosso N.E.K.; Nzakou., T.S.;

Pression anthropique sur les ressources naturelles dans le Parc National de Sena-Oura dans la Région du Mayo Kebbi Ouest en République du Tchad

Abstract

Résumé Cette étude a été conduite dans le Parc National de Sena-Oura situé dans le Département de Mayo-Dallah au Tchad entre mars et juillet 2020. Le Parc National de Sena-Oura qui abrite en son sein six (6) villages, fait l’objet de pressions anthropiques exercées sur les ressources naturelles de ce dernier. Elle s’intéresse à la caractérisation des différentes pressions occasionnées par l’homme ainsi qu’à leurs influences sur les ressources naturelles. Les différentes pressions anthropiques exercées sur les ressources naturelles du Parc National de Sena-Oura ainsi que leurs causes ont été identifiées au travers des questionnaires, entretiens et des observations réalisés avec 120 personnes réparties dans les 4 villages. Ces données ont été validées par un travail de terrain. Sept (7) pressions ont été identifiées : l’agriculture 33%, l’élevage 18%, braconnage 21%, feux de brousse 2%, la coupe de bois 16%, produits Forestiers Non Ligneux 7% et l’orpaillage 3%. Huit (8) causes de ces pressions anthropiques ont été identifiées : la pauvreté, la famine, l’infertilité des terres cultivables, la croissance démographique, les migrations minières, la culture extensive, le taux élévé de chômage et la sous scolarisation. Tout ceci entraine inévitablement des conséquences, en l’occurrence la conversion des terres agricoles associée au feu de brousse, la difficulté du renouvellement de la surface foliaires, la dégradation du paysage, la déforestation, la fragilisation des terres, la pollution et la diminution voire disparition de certaines espèces fauniques. Il ressort de l’étude que la superficie forestière du Parc National de Sena-Oura de 2010 à 2020 a diminué d’environ 14 163,4 ha sur les 10 dernières années et le tarissement des mares s’élève à 66%. La superficie de la forêt galerie a régressé de 4%, celle de la savane arborée de 9%, la savane arbustive, de 6%; la savane herbeuse quant à elle a augmenté de 10%. Pour une meilleure gestion, les mesures en vue de limiter ou d’enrayer ces pressions anthropiques sur le Parc National de Sena-Oura ont été proposées. Abstract This study was carried out in the National Park of Sena-Oura located in Mayo-Dallah Department in Chad. It was carried out between March and July 2020. The National Park of Sena-Oura, has six (06) villages who faced anthropic pressure practiced on the latter's natural resources. It is interested in the characterization of the different pressures caused by human activities as well as their influences on natural resources. The different anthropic pressures practiced on the natural resources of the National Park of Sena-Oura as well as their causes were identified through questionnaires, interviews and observations carried out with 120 people divided in 4 villages. These data have been authenticated by fieldwork. Seven (7) pressures have been identified: agriculture 33%, breeding 18%, poaching 21%, bush fires 2%, wood cutting 16%, Non-Wood Forest Products 7% and gold washing 3%. Eight (8) causes of these anthropic pressures have been identified: poverty, famine, infertility of cultivable land, the increase of population, mining migrations, extensive farming, high unemployment and low education rates. All of this brings consequences, in the circumstances of agricultural conversion land associated with the bushfire, difficulty in renewing the leafy surface, degradation of the landscape, deforestation, land fragility, pollution and the decrease or disappearance of certain wildlife species. The study shows that the forest area of National Park of Sena-Oura from 2010 to 2020 has decreased about 14,163.4 ha during the last 10 years; a drying up of ponds, percentage of 66%. The area of gallery forest has regressed by 4%, that of wooded savannah by 9%, for shrub savannah by 6%, and that of grassy savannah have increased by 10%. For a better management, measures to limit or eradicate these anthropic pressures on the National Park of Sena-Oura have been proposed.

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Keywords

pressions anthropiques, Mayo-Dallah, Aires protégées, ressources naturelles, Tchad

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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