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Métodos económicos para la cuantificación de microorganismos

Authors: Muñoz-Rojas, Jesús; Morales-García, Yolanda Elizabeth; Baez-Rogelio, Antonino; Quintero-Hernández, Verónica; Rivera-Urbalejo, América Paulina; Pérez y Terrón, Rocío;

Métodos económicos para la cuantificación de microorganismos

Abstract

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Resumen. La cuantificación de microorganismos es fundamental para entender como estos seres diminutos interaccionan con sus hospederos y en los ambientes donde se desarrollan. Para la química clínica la cuantificación de microorganismos es muy importante para conocer el grado de infección de un microorganismo, sin embargo, no se llevan a cabo como prueba de rutina debido al tiempo que los métodos consumen. En estudios de Ecología Microbiana también es importante conocer el número de microorganismos que se asocian con distintos hospederos, conocer sus dinámicas de población, así como, determinar el número de microorganismos que están colonizando un ambiente. Hay diversas formas para cuantificar a los microorganismos, muchos de ellos muy modernos y requieren de equipo especializado que está fuera del alcance de las posibilidades económicas de laboratorios de diagnóstico e incluso de laboratorios de investigación de Universidades Públicas promedio de México, América Latina y laboratorios modestos de otras partes del mundo. Sin embargo, hay métodos económicos y sencillos, con ventajas y desventajas, que podrían implementarse aún en laboratorios de escasos recursos, pero que darían resultados tan precisos como los métodos modernos. En este capítulo se describirán algunos de los métodos económicos para la cuantificación de microorganismos cultivables y algunos ejemplos.

Keywords

Cuantificación de microorganismos; Plaqueo; Goteo en Placa; Colonias; GSPM; crecimiento de microorganismos

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