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Multilingualism and Language Attitudes in Wuji Village, Hainan Province, PR China

Authors: FU QIDU;

Multilingualism and Language Attitudes in Wuji Village, Hainan Province, PR China

Abstract

Wuji Village (19°38'18.64"N and 109°31'54.17"E) is within the administration of Nada Town, Danzhou City, in northwestern Hainan Province, PR China. Subject to a tropical monsoon ocean climate, with an average annual temperature of 23.1℃ and rainfall of 1,823 mm, Wuji borders Zixi, Zhongjianxiang, and Dalandi villages. Wuji is linguistically diverse with Danzhounese/the Tan-Chou dialect, Modern Standard Mandarin (MSC), Hakka, Cantonese, Hainanese (MSC, Hainanhua), and the Lin'gao language/dialect commonly spoken. To profile the linguistic situation in Wuji Village and better describe villagers' language attitudes, I conducted a language study. This paper features a literature review of the linguistic situation and language attitudes in Hainan Province and Wuji Village's location, residents, villagers' livelihoods, village religion, and the local linguistic environment. The results of a survey of Wuji Villagers' language abilities and sentiments regarding Danzhounese, Hakka, and MSC profile languages spoken in Wuji Village and villagers' language attitudes. The survey explores the villagers' language competencies, ages and MSC fluency, language attitudes, and how they acquired these (vernacular) languages. Finally, findings and limitations are included, and suggestions are made regarding future research to advance studies of Danzhounese and other vernaculars spoken in the village.

Wuji Village, situated in Hainan Province, PR China, is linguistically diverse with Danzhounese, Modern Standard Chinese (MSC), Hakka, Cantonese, Hainanese, and Lin'gao regularly spoken. In profiling vernacular languages and language attitudes in Wuji Village, this paper features a survey investigating the villagers' language abilities and perspectives. A literature review of the linguistic situation and language attitudes in Hainan Province is followed by an introduction to Wuji Village, including its location, residents, villagers' livelihoods, village religion, and the local linguistic environment. A survey of language abilities and attitudes in Wuji Village indicates that villagers' attitudes towards the village languages vary. While emotional attachment to Danzhounese is deeply rooted, it is weakening, with most participants agreeing that all villagers must learn MSC. Wuji Village's linguistic profile merits further study in the context of vernacular language marginalization, language attrition, language shift, and vernacular language maintenance.

Keywords

Chinese language attitudes, Chinese multilingualism, Chinese vernaculars, Danzhou, dialects of China, Hainan Province languages

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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