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The Combination of Sugar Palm Midrib Extract (Arenga pinnata Merr.) and Nutgrass (Cyperusrotundus L.) as Gel Formulation to Inhibit Acne Bacterias (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis)

Authors: Amelia, Ela; Indrawati, Teti; Farida, Yunahara;

The Combination of Sugar Palm Midrib Extract (Arenga pinnata Merr.) and Nutgrass (Cyperusrotundus L.) as Gel Formulation to Inhibit Acne Bacterias (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis)

Abstract

{"references": ["Nazaya M. Profil Gangguan Kualitas Hidup Akibat Akne Vulgaris Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Udayana Tahun 2015. E-Jurnal Med Udayana [Internet]. 2018;7(8). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/41630", "Tjekyan RMS. Kejadian dan Faktor Resiko Akne Vulgaris. Media Med Indones. 2008;43(1):37\u201343.", "Dorland D. Kamus Kedokteran. 26th ed. dr. Rima M. Harjono, editor. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran; 1994.", "Goodman GJ. Acne and acne scarring: why should we treat? Med J Aust [Internet]. 1999 Jul;171(2):62\u20133. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123518.x", "Tri Mulyani YW, Hidayat D, Isbiantoro I, Fatimah Y. Ekstrak Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. JFL J Farm Lampung [Internet]. 2017 Nov 1; Available from: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/jfl/article/view/21", "Harmanto N. Ibu Sehat dan Cantik dengan Herba. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo; 2006.", "Zaenglein AL, Graber EM, Thiboutot DM. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in general medicine. 8th ed. Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ WK, editor. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. 897\u2013917 p.", "Suru\u010di\u0107 R, Kundakovi\u0107 T, Laku\u0161i\u0107 B, Drakul D, Milovanovi\u0107 SR, Kova\u010devi\u0107 N. Variations in Chemical Composition, Vasorelaxant and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Seseli pallasii Besser (Apiaceae). Chem Biodivers [Internet]. 2017 May;14(5):e1600407. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cbdv.201600407", "Djajadisastra J, Mun'im A, Dessy D. Formulasi Gel Topikal dari Ekstrak Nerii Folium dalam Sediaan Anti Jerawat. J Farm Indones. 2009;4(4).", "Dewi MA, Ratnawati J, Sukmanengsih F. Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi Pelepah Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes dan Staphylococcus Aureus. Kartika J Ilm Farm. 2015;3(1):43\u20138.", "Maryawati A. Formulasi dan uji Klinik Gel Anti Jerawat Benzoil Peroksida HPMC. Universitas Andalas; 2008.", "Rahim F, Wardi ES, Anggraini I. Formulasi Bedak Tabur Ekstrak Rimpang Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) sebagai Antiseptik. J IpteksTerapan. 2018;1.", "Ansel HC. Pengantar bentuk Sediaan Farmasi. Edisi 4. Ibrahim F, editor. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press; 2008. 390\u2013393 p", "Rowe RC, Sheckey PJ, Quinn ME. Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association; 2009.", "Bochek AM, Yusupova LD, Zabivalova NM. Rheological Properties of Aqueous H-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solutions with Various Additives. Russ J Appl Chem. 2002;75:645\u2013648", "Zocchi G. Skin-feel Agents. In: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2001."]}

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination gel preparation of the two extracts in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis), also to test the gel formula to meet physical and chemical parameters as well as stability to temperature and storage time, and the primary irritation test for rabbits. Each extract with different concentrations was given a positive control (clindamycin) and a negative control (sterile aquabidest), incubated, then the minimum inhibitory concentration of the two extracts was determined to determine the lowest level of the extract that still gave antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Then the inhibition zone was measured, then the combination of the extract was formulated in a gel preparation with excipients NaCMC, Propylene glycol, Phenoxyetanol, glycerin and Aquadest. The antibacterial activity test for gel preparations used the well method with positive gel control on the market. Then the formula evaluation includes physical, chemical and microbiological evaluations. Data were analyzed using the Two-Way Anova test. The results showed that the combination gel preparation of sugar palm midrib extract and nutgrass extract had activity against P. acne and S. epidermidis at concentrations of 25% w/v and 40% w/v. The combination gel preparation of the two extracts compared to the single extract gel preparation had increased effectiveness against S. epidermidis and decreased against P. acnes bacteria. The gel formula can meet physical and chemical parameters and is stable to temperature and storage time. The primary irritation index results obtained an irritation index score of 0.0± 0.0 which is not irritating.

Keywords

sugar palm midrib, nutgrass, acne

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