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Aim: This study's objective was to identify biosecurity measures (BSMs) that are relatively easy to implement and effectively reduce the prevalence of Salmonella or HEV in pig farms. Methods: We systematically screened the scientific literature using the Web of Science and PubMed electronic databases. The extracted effects were estimated from raw data as ln(odds ratio), and its standard error. In cases where more than one effect estimate was published, the estimates were summarized applying meta-analytical fixed-effects models without any moderators. Weighted estimation with inverse-variance weights was used. Results: We identified 26 articles reporting 66 BSMs to reduce Salmonella and 4 articles including 15 BSMs to reduce HEV prevalence in pig farms. For Salmonella, animals' strategic movement to cleaned and disinfected finishing units, the continuous flushing of gutters, the presence of a lavatory at the farm, minimized contact of <3 humans with pigs, and disinfection of farrowing and post-weaning pens were the five most effective BSMs. The use of a shower before entering the farm buildings, a sanitary ford at the farm entry, separate farm clothes, a perimeter fence around the farm, and maximally one foreign source of weaned pigs the five most effective BSMs to reduce HEV prevalence. For 90% of the final included articles a high overall Risk of Bias was assessed whereas only 10% were evaluated with a moderate bias and none with a low Risk of Bias. Conclusions: These first results demonstrate different key areas for animal management and hygiene strategies in the context of biosecurity measures for pig farms. However, we point out that the published literature on the topic is prone to a high risk of bias which is an important aspect for future studies. After a planned update of the literature search this study will provide information on the effectiveness of primary and secondary BSM to reduce Salmonella ssp. and HEV prevalence in pig farms and support pig farm managers and veterinarians to refine biosecurity strategies.
Biosecurity measures; Salmonella; Hepatitis E Virus; pig; swine, Biosecurity measures; Salmonella; Hepatitis E Virus; pig; swine
Biosecurity measures; Salmonella; Hepatitis E Virus; pig; swine, Biosecurity measures; Salmonella; Hepatitis E Virus; pig; swine
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
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