Background: Globally, there is a high prevalence of electronic and smart device overuse among high school children with an established negative effect on sleep quality and scholastic academic achievement. Little is known about the prevalence of electronic device overuse and sleep quality among schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality among high schoolchildren and its determinants, particularly electronic device use and academic performance. Methods: This was a descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a multistage stratified random sample of High school pupils in Taif and Makkah Governates in Saudi Arabia. We utilized generalized linear modeling to evaluate the impact of background sociodemographic factors on sleep quality. Results: The study included 306 secondary school students, nearly half of them (50.7%) were females and most participants' sleep quality (70.3%) was poor. Prevalence of use of electronic devices prior to sleep was 96.1%, particularly smart mobile (93.2%) and video games (25.5%). The use of the electronic device was associated with a significant reduction in sleep quality (P= 0.002). The presence of any electronic device in the bedroom of students was associated with poorer sleep quality (P= 0.000), particularly smart mobiles (P= 0.016) and video games (P= 0.045). Recommendations: Given the cohesive family values in Saudi culture, strict parental rules regarding electronic device presence and use could help improve their sleep quality. Keywords: Sleep Quality, Academic performance, Schoolchildren, Arabic PSQI, Saudi Arabia