Fig. 2. Species-specific chromosomal sequences of species from Doi Inthanon,Thailand. (A) IS base of Simulium tenebrosum cytospecies B (female larva), with bracket indicating limits of IS-33; C, centromere. (B) IIIL end of S. kiewmaepanense (male larva), showing IIIL-1 sequence (bracketed). (C) IIL distal half of S. undecimum (male larva) with bracket indicating limits of IIL-1 and enhanced, glassy band (+). (D) IIS of S. kiewmaepanense (male larva) showing IIS-1, IIS-2, IIS-3 sequence.The sequence involves two coincident breakpoints.Thus, for the hypothesis shown, inverting IIS-3 will create the e/g junction representing the IIS-1 break proximal to the centromere; when IIS-2 is then inverted, it creates the h/f junction representing the IIS-1 break distal to the centromere.The Simulium subgeneric standard sequence is, thus, obtained by alphabetically ordering the fragments indicated by the letters a–h; bu, bulge; C, centromere; RoB, ring of Balbiani.

Published as part of Adler, Peter H., Srisuka, Wichai, Low, Van Lun, Takaoka, Hiroyuki & Saeung, Atiporn, 2019, High-Elevation Chromosomal Diversity of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand, pp. 1-10 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (2019) on page 4, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixz004, http://zenodo.org/record/4552022