Fig. 1 | Map of dire wolf remains and morphological differentiation with wolf-like canids. a, Right, map representing the geographical range of the canid species investigated in this study.The data (shape file) for this plot were obtained from the IUCN Red List database36 and plotted using R37. Left,map representing the distribution of sites in the Americas where dire wolf remains (Canis dirus) have been identified (Supplementary Data 1, 2). Coloured circles represent the locations and approximate ages of the remains,with crossed circles representing the five samples from Idaho (2), Ohio (1), Tennessee (1) and Wyoming (1) that yielded sufficient endogenous DNA to reconstruct both mitochondrial genomes and low-coverage nuclear genome sequences.b, Procrustes distances between the combined mandible and M1 shape of dire wolf and other extant canid species.Pairwise Procrustes distances were calculated by superimposing landmarks from molar and mandibular shapes between pairs of specimens and by computing the square root of the squared differences between the coordinates of corresponding landmarks,with and without correction for allometry (Supplementary Information).The centre of the box represents the median,the box bounds represent the quartiles,the whiskers represent maximum and minimum values (±1.5× the interquartile range) and dots represent outliers.

Published as part of Perri, Angela R., Mitchell, Kieren J., Mouton, Alice, Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Haile, James, Jamieson, Alexandra, Meachen, Julie, Lin, Audrey T., Schubert, Blaine W., Ameen, Carly, Antipina, Ekaterina E., Bover, Pere, Brace, Selina, Carmagnini, Alberto, Carøe, Christian, Samaniego Castruita, Jose A., Chatters, James C., Dobney, Keith, dos Reis, Mario, Evin, Allowen, Gaubert, Philippe, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Gower, Graham, Heiniger, Holly, Helgen, Kristofer M., Kapp, Josh, Kosintsev, Pavel A., Linderholm, Anna, Ozga, Andrew T., Presslee, Samantha, Salis, Alexander T., Saremi, Nedda F., Shew, Colin, Skerry, Katherine, Taranenko, Dmitry E., Thompson, Mary, Sablin, Mikhail V., Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., Collins, Matthew J., Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Stone, Anne C., Shapiro, Beth, Van Valkenburgh, Blaire, Wayne, Robert K., Larson, Greger, Cooper, Alan & Frantz, Laurent A. F., 2021, Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage, pp. 1-9 in Nature 589 (7841) on page 2, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x, http://zenodo.org/record/4442973