{"references": ["D. Czajczy\u0144ska et al., \"Potential of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector,\" Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 3, pp. 171\u2013197, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2017.06.003.", "M. E. Grigore, \"Methods of recycling, properties and applications of recycled thermoplastic polymers,\" Recycling, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1\u201311, 2017, doi: 10.3390/recycling2040024", "R. C. Thompson, C. J. Moore, F. S. V. Saal, and S. H. Swan, \"Plastics, the environment and human health: Current consensus and future trends,\" Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., vol. 364, no. 1526, pp. 2153\u20132166, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0053", "J. Hopewell, R. Dvorak, and E. Kosior, \"Plastics recycling: Challenges and opportunities,\" Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., vol. 364, no. 1526, pp. 2115\u20132126, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0311", "R. Geyer, J. R. Jambeck, and K. L. Law, \"Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made,\" Sci. Adv., vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 25\u201329, 2017, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700782", "V. Siracusa, \"Microbial degradation of synthetic biopolymers waste,\" Polymers (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 6, 2019, doi: 10.3390/polym11061066", "D. Danso, J. Chow, and W. R. Streita, \"Plastics: Environmental and biotechnological perspectives on microbial degradation,\" Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 85, no. 19, 2019, doi: 10.1128/AEM.01095-19", "R. Jamee and R. Siddique, \"Biodegradation of synthetic dyes of textile effluent by microorganisms: an environmentally and economically sustainable approach,\" Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 114\u2013118, 2019, doi: 10.1556/1886.2019.00018.", "S. Skariyachan, M. Manjunath, and A. Shankar, Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. 2019.", "D. Ghosal, S. Ghosh, T. K. Dutta, and Y. Ahn, \"Current state of knowledge in microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review,\" Front. Microbiol., vol. 7, no. AUG, 2016, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01369", "K. I. Rana, \"Usage of Potential Micro-organisms for Degradation of Plastics,\" Open J. Environ. Biol., vol. 4, pp. 007\u2013015, 2019, doi: 10.17352/ojeb.000010", "H. Fesseha and F. Abebe, \"Degradation of Plastic Materials Using Microorganisms: A Review,\" Public Heal. \u2013 Open J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 57\u201363, 2019, doi: 10.17140/phoj-4-136.", "A. K. Urbanek, W. Rymowicz, and A. M. Miro\u0144czuk, \"Degradation of plastics and plastic- degrading bacteria in cold marine habitats,\" Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 102, no. 18, pp. 7669\u2013 7678, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9195-y.", "J. A. Glaser, \"Biological Degradation of Polymers in the Environment,\" Plast. Environ., 2019, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.85124.", "Y. Tokiwa, B. P. Calabia, C. U. Ugwu, and S. Aiba, \"Biodegradability of plastics,\" Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 3722\u20133742, 2009, doi: 10.3390/ijms10093722.", "A. Chamas et al., \"Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment,\" ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 3494\u20133511, 2020, doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.", "E. Yousif and R. Haddad, \"Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: Review,\" Springerplus, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1\u201332, 2013, doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-398.", "V. M. Pathak and N. Kumar, \"Dataset on the impact of UV, nitric acid and surfactant treatments on low- density polyethylene biodegradation,\" Data Br., vol. 14, pp. 393\u2013411, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.073.", "Z. Montazer, M. B. H. Najafi, and D. B. Levin, \"Challenges with verifying microbial degradation of polyethylene,\" Polymers (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12010123", "C. E. Forum, \"Central European Forum Microbiology,\" 2017", "H. M. Clayman, \"Polypropylene,\" Ophthalmology, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 959\u2013964, 1981, doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(81)80012-7", "Hisham A. Maddah, \"Polypropylene as a Promising Plastic: A Review,\" Am. J. Polym. Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1\u201311, 2016, doi: 10.5923/j.ajps.20160601.01.", "D. Danso, J. Chow, and W. R. Streita, \"Plastics: Environmental and biotechnological perspectives on microbial degradation,\" Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 85, no. 19, pp. 1\u201314, 2019, doi: 10.1128/AEM.01095-19", "J. Arutchelvi, M. Sudhakar, A. Arkatkar, M. Doble, S. Bhaduri, and P. V. Uppara, \"Biodegradation of polyethylene and polypropylene,\" Indian J. Biotechnol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9\u201322, 2008.", "V. M. Pathak and Navneet, \"Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach,\" Bioresour. Bioprocess., vol. 4, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.1186/s40643-017-0145-9.", "G. Akovali, Plastic materials: polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012", "M. I. Ali et al., \"Biodegradation of starch blended polyvinyl chloride films by isolated Phanerochaete chrysosporium PV1,\" Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 339\u2013348, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0220-5.", "V. Kumar and R. Chandra, Bioremediation of Melanoidins Containing Distillery Waste for Environmental Safety, vol. I. 2020.", "M. I. Ali et al., \"Isolation and molecular characterization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic degrading fungal isolates,\" J. Basic Microbiol., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 18\u201327, 2014, doi: 10.1002/jobm.201200496.", "T. Maharana, Y. S. Negi, and B. Mohanty, \"Review article: Recycling of polystyrene,\" Polym. - Plast. Technol. Eng., vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 729\u2013736, 2007, doi: 10.1080/03602550701273963", "K. Nakamiya, T. Ooi, and S. Kinoshita, \"Non-Heme hydroquinone peroxidase from Azotobacter beijerinckii HM121,\" J. Ferment. Bioeng., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 14\u201321, 1997, doi: 10.1016/S0922- 338X(97)82780-8", "K. Nakamiya, G. Sakasita, T. Ooi, and S. Kinoshita, \"Enzymatic degradation of polystyrene by hydroquinone peroxidase of Azotobacter beijerinckii HM121,\" J. Ferment. Bioeng., vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 480\u2013482, 1997, doi: 10.1016/S0922- 338X(97)82013-2.", "N. V. Gama, A. Ferreira, and A. Barros-Timmons, \"Polyurethane foams: Past, present, and future,\" Materials (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 10, 2018, doi: 10.3390/ma11101841.", "I. Vroman and L. Tighzert, \"Biodegradable polymers,\" Materials (Basel)., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 307\u2013344, 2009, doi: 10.3390/ma2020307", "J. Schmidt et al., \"Degradation of polyester polyurethane by bacterial polyester hydrolases,\" Polymers (Basel)., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 65, 2017, doi: 10.3390/polym9020065", "Y. Akutsu, T. Nakajima-Kambe, N. Nomura, and T. Nakahara, \"Purification and properties of a polyester polyurethane-degrading enzyme from Comamonas acidovorans TB-35,\" Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 62\u201367, 1998, doi: 10.1128/aem.64.1.62-67.1998", "G. Mathur and R. Prasad, \"Degradation of polyurethane by Aspergillus flavus (ITCC 6051) isolated from soil,\" Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1595\u20131602, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s12010-012-9572-4.", "E. El-Morsy, H. Hassan, and E. Ahmed, \"Biodegradative activities of fungal isolates from plastic contaminated soils,\" Mycosphere, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1071\u20131086, 2017, doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/13", "R. Devi et al., The Role of Microbes in Plastic Degradation, no. March 2016. 2015", "T. Nakajima-Kambe, F. Onuma, N. Kimpara, and T. Nakahara, \"Isolation and characterization of a bacterium which utilizes polyester polyurethane as a sole carbon and nitrogen source,\" FEMS Microbiol. Lett., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 39\u201342, 1995, doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(95)00131-N.", "E. Abatenh, B. Gizaw, Z. Tsegaye, and M. Wassie, \"The Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation- A Review,\" Open J. Environ. Biol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 038\u2013046, 2017, doi: 10.17352/ojeb.000007.", "C. C. Azubuike, C. B. Chikere, and G. C. Okpokwasili, \"Bioremediation techniques\u2013 classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects,\" World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1\u201318, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s11274-016-2137-x.", "B. J. Leshko, \"Cable-supported overhead pipeline crossings: Structure assessment plan,\" Proc. ASCE Pipeline Div. Spec. Congr. - Pipeline Eng. Constr., pp. 471\u2013480, 2004, doi: 10.1061/40745(146)46.", "J. Ru, Y. Huo, and Y. Yang, \"Microbial Degradation and Valorization of Plastic Wastes,\" Front. Microbiol., vol. 11, no. April, pp. 1\u201320, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00442.", "Y. Iiyoshi, Y. Tsutsumi, and T. Nishida, \"Polyethylene degradation by lignin-degrading fungi and manganese peroxidase,\" J. Wood Sci., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 222\u2013229, 1998, doi: 10.1007/BF00521967", "N. Priyanka and T. Archana, \"Biodegradability of Polythene and Plastic By The Help of Microorganism: A Way for Brighter Future,\" J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol., vol. 01, no. 02, pp. 1\u20134, 2011, doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000111.", "A. K. Tiwari and H. Maurya, \"Recent development of biodegradation techniques of polymer,\" Int. J. Res. - Granthaalayah, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 414\u2013452, 2018, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1311065.", "M Kolybaba, L G Tabil, S Panigrahi, W J Crerar, T Powell, and B Wang, \"Biodegradable Polymers: Past, Present, and Future,\" vol. 0300, no. 03, pp. 1\u2013 15, 2013, doi: 10.13031/2013.41300.", "D. Sisodiya, P. Pandey, and K. Dashora3, \"Studies on biodegradable polymers\u202f: A brief review,\" J. Pharm. Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 852\u2013858, 2012.", "G. Kale, T. Kijchavengkul, R. Auras, M. Rubino, S. E. Selke, and S. P. Singh, \"Compostability of bioplastic packaging materials: An overview,\" Macromol. Biosci., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 255\u2013277, 2007, doi: 10.1002/mabi.200600168.", "A. Kjeldsen, M. Price, C. Lilley, E. Guzniczak, and I. Archer, \"A Review of Standards for Biodegradable Plastics with support from,\" Ind. Biotechnol. Innov. Cent. IBioIC, p. 28, 2019."]}

In some areas of the world, people are aware of the impact of plastic on the environment and implementing the strict rule not to use plastic. With the new advancement in Research and Development, a new concept of biodegradable plastics is introduced. It has a wide range of applications in many sectors. In this study, the biodegradation of various types of plastic using different bacteria was studied. Bacteria convert the polymer molecule into small water-soluble molecules like oligomers and dimers and then utilize as carbon and energy source and thus degradation of the polymer takes place.