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Utilisation de séries temporelles d'images satellitales à basse résolution pour la cartographie des trajectoires de l'activité végétale à l'échelle des unités administratives au Cameroun

Authors: Matsaguim N.C.A.; Tiomo Dongfack E.; Ngoufo R.;

Utilisation de séries temporelles d'images satellitales à basse résolution pour la cartographie des trajectoires de l'activité végétale à l'échelle des unités administratives au Cameroun

Abstract

Résumé Les images satellites apportent une aide significative à la connaissance de la couverture végétale et le suivi de son état. C’est notamment le cas des images à grande résolution temporelle. Cette étude a pour objectif principal d’établir une typologie des arrondissements du Cameroun selon leur trajectoire phénologique de 1999 à 2013. Ceci afin de distinguer ceux où elle est positive de ceux où elle est négative. A partir des images satellites d’une résolution spatiale de 1 km et composées des produits de synthèse du NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) issus du capteur SPOT-VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT), une méthode mixte combinant l’Analyse en Composante Principale (ACP) et la Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique (CAH)a été utilisée pour parvenir à une typologie en 4 classes de tendance d’évolution de la vigueur de la végétation mesurée au sein de chacun des 360 arrondissements du Cameroun. Il en ressort que de 1999 à 2013, près de 5% des arrondissements du pays ont connu une très forte diminution de leur activité végétale principalement en raison du développement urbain et de la croissance démographique ; tandis que 46,94% des arrondissements du pays ont connu une stabilité, voire une progression relative de leur activité végétale au courant de cette période. Ces résultats montrent ainsi toute l’utilité de ce type d’images satellites en matière de monitoring de la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’activité végétale à grande échelle. Abstract Satellite images provide a significant aid in understanding the vegetation cover and monitoring its condition. This is particularly the case for those with high temporal resolution en medium to low spatial resolution. The main objective of this study is to establish a classification of the districts of Cameroon according to their phenological trajectory from 1999 to 2013. This is in order to distinguish those where it is positive from those where it is negative. Using satellite images with a spatial resolution of 1 km that represent NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) synthesis products from the SPOT-VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT) sensor, a mixed method combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascendent Hierarchical Classification (AHC) was used to arrive at a classification in 4 classes of vegetation evolution trend measured within each of the 360 districts of Cameroon. The main result of this study shows that from 1999 to 2013, nearly 5% of the districts of Cameroon experienced a very sharp decline in vegetation growing mainly due to urban development and population growth; while 46.94% of the districts of Cameroon experienced some increase in vegetation growing during this period. These results thus show all the usefulness of this type of satellite images in terms of monitoring of spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation growing on a large scale.

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Keywords

Cartographie, Télédétection, NDVI, Cameroun, SPOT-VGT, Activité végétale

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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