The dataset deposited here was prepared under the EPSRC-funded Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement research project (EP/P029531/1). The project aimed to understand energy needs of displaced communities, create an evidence base on the usage of different energy interventions and provide recommendations for improved design of future energy interventions to better meet the needs of people. As part of the project, we deployed Stove Use Monitoring Systems (SUM) on clay cook stoves in Kigeme camp, Rwanda. The aim was to (a) measure and evaluate temperature profiles within stove enclosure and on the surface of stoves (b) evaluate frequency and duration of stove use. The SUM consisted of 2 sensors - a thermocouple (to measure temperature within the stove) and a Si7021 sensor (to measure temperature and humidity outside the stove), connected to an Arduino MKR GSM 1400 board. The data measured by the sensors was stored only if the change in values exceeded a set threshold for either of the readings. The SUM was powered by a re-chargeable Li-Ion battery of 3.7V and a rating of 7.59Wh. The study was conducted in 2 phases. In phase 1 (02 July 2019 to 30 September 2019), data was collected from 15 SUM and stored locally on SD card as well as communicated to a remote server via GSM. The time of data collection was recorded using GSM functionality. However, several GSM and MQTT failures were noted leading to loss of timestamp values as well as shorter battery lifetime due to re-transmission tries. In phase 2 (02 October 2019 to 17 October 2019), data was collected from 9 SUM and only stored locally on SD cards. The time of data collection was recorded using an external RTC clock connected to the Arduino board. The data from both phases of study is deposited here along with the metadata.