This report aims to review the current experience of Pay-for-Performance (P4P) schemes outside the EU, in particular with examples from the U.S. (11 in total) as well as one case from the EU (Germany), and to document the main enablers and obstacles for the roll-out of the first P4P pilots in the EU. Results include recommendations for the market and regulatory conditions that would be necessary for the replication of the studied P4P pilots/programmes in the EU, which, if acted upon, should speed up the rate of energy efficiency improvement in the EU’s buildings while reducing the costs of the energy transition.