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A new genus of schistopterine fruit-flies, Tanzanimyia, and four new species, T. flavicauda, T. reticulata, T. tanzaniaensis and T. ugandaensis (type species), are described from Equatorial Africa, based on adults. The larvae of T. ugandaensis and T. reticulata infest the flower heads of Bothriocline fusca, and those of T. reticulata also infest the flower heads of Gutenbergia cordifolia var. cordifolia (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Illustrations of taxonomically relevant body parts of both sexes are provided, primarily for the two reared species. An identification key for the new species is compiled.