The available Excel file contains all data used in the meta-analysis to analyse the Luxury Effect (i.e. the relationship between urban biodiversity and socioeconomic status) and its moderators (wealth status, species provenance and precipitation). Each column in the data set (tab ‘Data’) is defined as follows: Location: Location (e.g. city) where a given study took place. If more than one geographical location was considered, they are detailed in the column 'Sample' Sample: Any separate samples based either on location or temporal sampling period (e.g. geographical location, habitat types, different years) considered in a given paper. If the column is blank, only one location or period was considered. Biodiversity measure: Defined into either diversity or abundance measures as defined in the text. Response variable: The precise response variable analysed in the paper. Socioeconomic variable: The socioeconomic variable analysed in the paper. Provenance: Native or exotic species, where specified. 'All' refers both to papers where it was explicitly stated that both native and exotic species were considered, and those where no information was given, but we assumed that native and exotic species had been considered. Development status: Countries with developed economies ('Rich') and countries with developing economies 'Poor') as defined in the text. Gradient length: Studies including only urbanized areas ('Short') and those also including rural sampling locations ('Long'). Precipitation: in mm. Pearson's r: Standardized values used in the meta-analysis. Note the above information is also available in the Excel file in the ‘Notes’ tab.