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Doctoral thesis . 2020
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Thesis . 2020
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Data sources: uni≡pub (unipub)
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From Observation to Inspiration? Why the Goal-Contagion Effect is Overestimated

Authors: Brohmer, Hilmar;

From Observation to Inspiration? Why the Goal-Contagion Effect is Overestimated

Abstract

Die Beobachtung einer Tätigkeit einer anderen Person kann uns manchmal dazu inspirieren, das gleiche Ziel wie diese zu verfolgen. Dieser Effekt der Zielansteckung setzt voraus, dass wir das Ziel zunächst aus dem Verhalten der anderen Person automatisch ableiten, bevor wir es übernehmen (Aarts et al.,2004). In dieser Dissertation haben meine KollegInnen und ich dieses Phänomen in einer Reihe von Studien untersucht: in drei Studien mit 659 ProbandInnen versuchten wir prosoziale Ziele zu aktivieren; in drei weiteren Studien für einen Registered Report mit 840 ProbandInnen, versuchten wir das Ziel Geld zu verdienen zu aktivieren. In allen Studien beschrieben oder zeigten wir ein Verhalten einer anderen Person in Texten oder kurzen Videos. Dieses Verhalten implizierte entweder das konkrete Ziel (Experimentalbedingung) oder nicht (Kontrollbedingung). Innerhalb des Zielansteckungsprozesses vermuteten wir verschiedene Moderatoren: das Bemühen der anderen Person ihr Ziel zu erreichen, sollte die erfolgreiche Ableitung fördert, und der persönliche Wert des Zieles (für den/die ProbandIn) sollte die Übernahme des Zieles fördern. Für die Analyse nutzten wir Strukturgleichungsmodelle, um alle relevanten Variablen einzubinden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass ProbandInnen das Ziel nicht implizit und automatisch ableiteten. Wir fanden auch keine Belege für eine stärkere Zielübernahme in der Experimentalgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe und keinen Moderatoreneinfluss. Diese Ergebnisse betteten wir in eine Metaanalyse ein, in welcher wir die Evidenz zur Zielansteckung über die gesamte Literatur zusammentrugen. Eine starke Diskrepanz zwischen beträchtlichen Effekten in der publizierten Literatur (Hedges g = 0.42) und Effekten nahe Null in der nicht-publizierten Literatur, inklusive unserer Studien (g = -0.01), legt eine Publikationsverzerrung nahe. Daher empfehlen wir, dass zukünftige Studien zur Zielansteckung von offenen Wissenschaftspraktiken Gebrauch machen.

Just observing a fellow human being can inspire us to strive for the same goal as the other person. Such goal contagion has been shown to occur because one first automatically infers the goal on an implicit level and then adopts it for oneself (Aarts, Gollwitzer, & Hassin, 2004). In this dissertation, my collaborators and I investigated this goal contagion effect in three studies on prosocial goals (total N = 659) and another three studies, including one registered report, on the goal to earn money (total N = 840). We also accounted for the theoretically derived moderators effort to pursue the goal (by the observed person) and goal value (for the participants). Across all experiments, participants either read a brief story or saw video clips of a person who either wanted to pursue a goal (experimental conditions) or not (control condition). We hypothesized that high effort increases goal inference, whereas personal goal value strengthens the relationship between goal inference and goal adoption (i.e., work to earn money). Results of our analyses using structural equation models showed that participants indeed recognized the goal explicitly, but our implicit measure did not detect a goal inference and there was no effect of the moderators. Moreover, we did not find evidence that participants in the experimental condition would adopt the goal to earn money more often than participants in the control condition, despite our high-powered designs. These results were then embedded into a meta-analysis, summarizing the effects of goal contagion across the social-psychological literature. This meta-analysis showed a large discrepancy between a considerable effect from the published literature Hedges g = 0.42, and a null-effect from the unpublished literature (including our own studies), g = -0.01, indicating publication bias. To prevent this in the future, we suggest that new studies on goal contagion should make use of open science practices.

Dissertation Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2020 2.1982

Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch

by Hilmar Brohmer

Country
Austria
Related Organizations
Keywords

Beobachtung, Person, Ziel, 150, Tätigkeit, Nachahmung, meta-analysis, goal priming, implicit inference, goal contagion, goal pursuit, moderated mediation

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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