Cyana candida (Felder, 1874) (Figs 136–139, 226, 281) Chionaema candida Felder in Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874, Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zoologischer Theil 2 (2): pl. 106, fig. 17; 1875, Erklärung der Taf. 75–107: 3 (Type locality: “Himalaya”). Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Fig. 138): ♀, handwritten label “ Pangi ” [India, Himachal Pradesh] / handwritten label “ Chionaema candida N i. l.” / printed label “ candida n.” / printed round label “FELDER COLLN. ” / printed round label with a red circle “Type” / printed label with a unique identifier “NHMUK010402059” (Coll. NHMUK). Other material examined. JAMMU & KASHMIR: 5 ♂, India, Kashmir, Daksum, 2300m, above Srinagar, 6.VII.1987, leg. Dr. W. Thomas, slide MWM 31797 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, Lidderwat (3000m), Pahalgam-Kolohoi, Kashmir, NW India, 8–9.VIII.1982, H. Yoshimoto leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Kashmir Val- ley, VII.1903 (Col. Ward), slide AV2049 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 1 ♀, Kashmir, 6000 to 8500 ft., slide AV2050 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); HIMACHAL PRADESH: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Leech Coll. 1900–64, Chamba (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, Leech Coll. 1900–64, Chamba, Thompson (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, India: Simla, 7000 ft., A.E. Jones, B.M. 1931-101 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Simla, Moore Coll. 94-106 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Dalhousie, 92-98, Harford, 6.II., 9/96 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, [Kullu] Kulu, N India, Rohtang Pass, 3500m, 9–21.VIII.1973, leg. N. Flauger, slide MWM 31799 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 7 ♂, same locality and collector, but 3000m, 20–28.VI.1973 (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, SW Himalaya, Rohtang Pass, 3000m, 26.VII.[19]73, Lf., N. Flauger (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, India, Lahoul, Rohtang Pass, 3000m, 29.VI.1981, leg. W. Thomas, slide ZSM Arct. 56/2017 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same locality and collector, but 17–18.VII.1980 (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, India, Hima- laya, H. P., N Manali, S Rothang La, 2400–2800m, 9–10.VII.2000, Grieshuber leg. (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, North Indian Himalaya, H. P., Lahaul, Beas-Tal, vic. Manali, 2100–2300m, 11.VII.–3.VIII.1998, leg. de Freina (Coll. MWM / ZSM); UTTARAKHAND: 1 ♂, Himalayas, Chakrata Bodiar, 28.VI.1906, 6000 ft., C.H. Ward, 1909–133 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Leech Coll. 1900–64, Rala, H. Mc Arthur coll., VIII.1888 (Coll. NHMUK); 9 ♂, 4 ♀, India, Uttar Pradesh, 15 km N Joshimath, Ghangaria, ca. 3050m, 27–31.VII.[19]93, Kautt & Weisz, slide MWM 31798 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 24 ♂, 12 ♀, India, Uttar Pradesh, Grawahl Himal, Gangotri, 25–26.VIII.1997, 3000m, leg. László Nádai, coll. Museum Witt, slide ZSM Arct. 55/2017 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 8 ♀, In- dia, U.P., Gangotri, ca. 3100m, 8–9.VIII.[19]93, Kautt & Weisz (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, India, U.P., 10 km ESE Gangotri, ca. 3000m, 10–11.VIII.[19]93, Kautt & Weisz (Coll. MWM / ZSM); SIKKIM: 1 ♂, Sikkim, 95–37 (Coll. NHMUK). Diagnosis. Forewing length is 18–19 mm in males and 19–20 mm in females. Cyana candida is very similar externally to C. trilobata, but can be distinguished by its pure white thorax and shorter red strip on the basal part of forewing costa. The male genitalia of C. candida differ from those of C. trilobata by the less massive vinculum, the much shorter ampulla and the smaller spinules of the distal cluster. The female genitalia of the two species are similar, but in C. candida the apophyses anteriores are slightly shorter, the sclerotized area of the posterior section of corpus bursae is shorter, and the appendix bursae is smaller. Distribution. North and North East India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim) (Hampson 1900; Kishida 1995) and Nepal (present study). The specimens recorded for Nepal by Kishida (1995) belong to C. trilobata.

Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Volynkin, Anton V., Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh & Ivanova, Maria S., 2020, A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4738 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4738.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3672439