Three strategic approaches have been taken for gender equality in research over the past several decades: "Fix the Numbers of Women" which focuses on increasing women's participation. "Fix the Institutions" which promotes gender equality in careers through structural change in research organisations. "Fix the Knowledge" which stimulates excellence in science and technology by integrating sex and gender analysis into research (Schiebinger, 2008). This GenPORT research synthesis addresses the third approach of ‘fixing the knowledge’. It is focused on health research because it is an area where sex-gender differences as determinants of outcomes are most extensively evidenced.