The Proliferation of Unwholesome Private Primary and Secondary Schools without fulfilling the basic requirements for establishing private schools to ensure quality education for national development is a common phenomenon in Nigeria. With this in focus, therefore, the paper examined the following subtopics: chronicles of private primary and secondary education in Nigeria, reasons for private sector involvement in education in Nigeria, basic requirements for establishing private primary and secondary schools and quality education, relevance of primary and Secondary education to national development, proliferation of private primary and secondary schools and quality education in Nigeria, and implications of proliferation of unwholesome private primary and secondary schools in Nigeria for national development. It was therefore concluded that quality education is germane to national development. And that government should be pro-active in preventing any member of public with the intent of establishing a private school without the basic requirements from doing so, and at the same time educate them on the need to put the provision of quality education ahead of economic benefits