The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological principles of forming the components of the investment mechanism The purpose of the study is a detailed analysis of the environmental factors that affect the investment mechanism and investigated the place of the investment process in the investment mechanism. Research methods. The paper uses general scientific and special methods: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis; analytical; systemic Results of work. The article presents the principles of construction and describes the components of the investment mechanism. The factors of the environment affecting the investment mechanism are considered in detail. The place of the investment process in the investment mechanism is investigated. The field of application of results. Economics and management of the national economy, in the part of state systems and mechanisms of economic management at the international, sectoral, interindustrial and regional levels, methods and economic levers of regulation of economic processes and their efficiency. Conclusions. The investment mechanism, as a complex economic system, accompanying its investment activity, responds to changes in the macro and micro environment and investment leverage through the implementation of management functions at the centers of responsibility at all stages of the investment process. An adequate response to the changing factors of the macro and micro environment creates the basis for the competitive sustainability of the business entity. The basis of the investment mechanism is the investment policy, which defines the vector of the investment process – the object and period of investment, the source of investment, the normative coefficient of efficiency and the payback period.