Objective: to identify the prevalence of realization of mammography in Brazil, the socio-demographic characteristics of women that realized this exam, the time past since the last exam according to region, age and per capita income. Methods: the reference population was every Brazilian woman whose age was 30 years old or more (n=100.840). Prevalence of mammography realization was considered the outcome. The exploratory variables were: age, federative units, mammography realization local, familiar income per capita. Results: the mammography realization prevalence was 45,9%. The highest prevalence of mammography was among women between 50-59 years old (58,3%), white (52,2%). 42,2% of the exams were paid by the public health sector, 46% by private health plan and 18,8% by own patients. Conclusion: the prevalence of mammography is still low. The women that more had been examned live in Southeast region, are between 50-59 years old, are white, and with best familiar income per capita.