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doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1092586 , 10.5281/zenodo.2829821 , 10.5281/zenodo.2823746 , 10.5281/zenodo.2837060 , 10.5281/zenodo.2824542 , 10.5281/zenodo.2664140 , 10.5281/zenodo.2668789 , 10.5281/zenodo.2839414 , 10.5281/zenodo.2839415 , 10.5281/zenodo.2818839 , 10.5281/zenodo.2665099 , 10.5281/zenodo.2671818 , 10.5281/zenodo.2661511 , 10.5281/zenodo.2671817 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662566 , 10.5281/zenodo.2829820 , 10.5281/zenodo.2665098 , 10.5281/zenodo.2864360 , 10.5281/zenodo.2666133 , 10.5281/zenodo.2818838 , 10.5281/zenodo.2823747 , 10.5281/zenodo.2837059 , 10.5281/zenodo.2861591 , 10.5281/zenodo.2864359 , 10.5281/zenodo.2824541 , 10.5281/zenodo.1092587 , 10.5281/zenodo.2663182 , 10.5281/zenodo.2666132 , 10.5281/zenodo.2813279 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662156 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662155 , 10.5281/zenodo.2812041 , 10.5281/zenodo.2663183 , 10.5281/zenodo.2812040 , 10.5281/zenodo.2813278 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662565 , 10.5281/zenodo.2661512 , 10.5281/zenodo.2827149 , 10.5281/zenodo.2664141 , 10.5281/zenodo.2827150 , 10.5281/zenodo.2861590 , 10.5281/zenodo.2668788
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1092586 , 10.5281/zenodo.2829821 , 10.5281/zenodo.2823746 , 10.5281/zenodo.2837060 , 10.5281/zenodo.2824542 , 10.5281/zenodo.2664140 , 10.5281/zenodo.2668789 , 10.5281/zenodo.2839414 , 10.5281/zenodo.2839415 , 10.5281/zenodo.2818839 , 10.5281/zenodo.2665099 , 10.5281/zenodo.2671818 , 10.5281/zenodo.2661511 , 10.5281/zenodo.2671817 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662566 , 10.5281/zenodo.2829820 , 10.5281/zenodo.2665098 , 10.5281/zenodo.2864360 , 10.5281/zenodo.2666133 , 10.5281/zenodo.2818838 , 10.5281/zenodo.2823747 , 10.5281/zenodo.2837059 , 10.5281/zenodo.2861591 , 10.5281/zenodo.2864359 , 10.5281/zenodo.2824541 , 10.5281/zenodo.1092587 , 10.5281/zenodo.2663182 , 10.5281/zenodo.2666132 , 10.5281/zenodo.2813279 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662156 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662155 , 10.5281/zenodo.2812041 , 10.5281/zenodo.2663183 , 10.5281/zenodo.2812040 , 10.5281/zenodo.2813278 , 10.5281/zenodo.2662565 , 10.5281/zenodo.2661512 , 10.5281/zenodo.2827149 , 10.5281/zenodo.2664141 , 10.5281/zenodo.2827150 , 10.5281/zenodo.2861590 , 10.5281/zenodo.2668788
{"references": ["CC2530, A Powerful System-On-Chip for 2.4-GHz IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Applications, Texas Instruments Company, http://www.ti.com/ lit/ds/symlink/cc2530.pdf", "ESMT F25L016A, 16 Mbit (2Mx8) 3V Only Serial Flash Memory, http://www.esmt.com.tw/english/main_products.asp", "IEEE Standards Association, IEEE 802.15.4-2003 \u2013 IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems \u2013 LAN/MAN Specific Requirement \u2013 Part 15: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), http://standards.ieee.org/ findstds/standard/802.15.4-2003.html", "IEEE Standards Association, IEEE 802.15.4-2011 \u2013 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks \u2013 Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/ standard/802.15.4-2011.html", "J. Zheng and B. Yang, \"Design of Power Supply System for Field Wireless Sensor Network Nodes,\"in Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC), pp. 39-43, Harbin, Dec. 2012.", "N. Zhu and I. O'Connor, \"Energy Measurements and Evaluations on High Data Rate and Ultra Low Power WSN Node,\"in Proceedings of 10th IEEE International Conference on Sensing and Control (ICNSC), pp. 232-236, Evry, April 2013.", "R.-S. Semente, A. Silva, A.-O. Salazar, F.D.M. Oliveira, A.-S. Lock, \"A energy efficient WSN system for limited power source environments,\"in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), pp. 193-197, Wellington, Dec. 2013.", "SHT1x/SHT7x Humidity & Temperature Sensor, SENSIRION Company, http://www.sensirion.com/en/products/humidity-temperature/humidity-sensor-sht11/", "S. Mini, S.-K. Udgata, S.-L. Sabat, \"Sensor Deployment and Scheduling for Target Coverage Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks,\"IEEE Sensor Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 636-644, Oct. 2013.\n[10]\tTP4057, Standalone Linear Li-ion Battery Charger, Nanjing Top Power Corporation, http://www.ecranic.com/files/TP4057.pdf\n[11]\tW.-C. Lee, J. Ng, and L.-F. Yeung, \"Sensitivity improved ZigBee RF receiver for medical sensor,\"in Proceedings of 39th Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics Society (IECON2013), pp.8447-8453, Vienna, Nov. 2013."]}
Most ZigBee sensor networks to date make use of nodes with limited processing, communication, and energy capabilities. Energy consumption is of great importance in wireless sensor applications as their nodes are commonly battery-driven. Once ZigBee nodes are deployed outdoors, limited power may make a sensor network useless before its purpose is complete. At present, there are two strategies for long node and network lifetime. The first strategy is saving energy as much as possible. The energy consumption will be minimized through switching the node from active mode to sleep mode and routing protocol with ultra-low energy consumption. The second strategy is to evaluate the energy consumption of sensor applications as accurately as possible. Erroneous energy model may render a ZigBee sensor network useless before changing batteries. In this paper, we present a ZigBee wireless sensor node with four key modules: a processing and radio unit, an energy harvesting unit, an energy storage unit, and a sensor unit. The processing unit uses CC2530 for controlling the sensor, carrying out routing protocol, and performing wireless communication with other nodes. The harvesting unit uses a 2W solar panel to provide lasting energy for the node. The storage unit consists of a rechargeable 1200 mAh Li-ion battery and a battery charger using a constant-current/constant-voltage algorithm. Our solution to extend node lifetime is implemented. Finally, a long-term sensor network test is used to exhibit the functionality of the solar powered system.
ZigBee, CC2530., Li-ion battery, solar panel
ZigBee, CC2530., Li-ion battery, solar panel
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