The article analyzes the essence of problem learning, highlights the necessity of using problem-based learning at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health” in primary school. Comparison of the main characteristics of problem learning enabled to reveal its shortcomings and advantages. The stages of problem study of the material are determined. It is established that the first stage is creation of a problem situation, awareness of the contradictions in the material that is being studied; the second stage describes organization, thinking about the problem and its formulation, that is, formulation of the problem task; the third stage is to organize the search for the hypothesis, putting forward the hypothesis, which explains the problem under investigation; the fourth stage has identified organization of verification of the hypothesis in the process of experiment, solving tasks of scientific search; the fifth stage has formulated organization of generalization of the results of previous actions, the use of knowledge gained in practice, analysis of the results and formulation of conclusions, their use in practice. It is established that problem situation is a means of forming the interest of junior schoolchildren in studying the material. The pedagogical conditions for creation of problem situations at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health” in primary school are theoretically substantiated, namely: activation of motivation and interest in learning using problem situations; providing emotional contact between the teacher and students, creating an atmosphere of trust when applying problem situations; giving preference to a visual way of creating problematic situations at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health”; directing creation of problem situations for the formation of dignity and self-esteem in junior schoolchildren, awareness of the individual significance of oneself and others. Implementation of defined pedagogical conditions for creation of problem situations at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health” in primary school influences: the level of quality of mastering educational material in relation to healthy lifestyle and healthcare by junior schoolchildren; providing possibilities of its rational use in conditions of everyday activities; the level of formation of cognitive autonomy, the needs and interests of students, the desire to learn. The study does not exhaust all the aspects of research of problem situations creation at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health” in primary school. Further development requires the issue of formation of elements of research skills of junior pupils in the system of problem situations creation at the lessons of “Fundamentals of Health” in primary school