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Qualité des produits de porcs gascons élevés en système d'élevage extensif de la filière Noir de Bigorre : effets de la saison et des ressources alimentaires

Authors: LEBRET, Bénédicte; LENOIR, Herveline; DARE, Sophie; FONSECA, Alexandre; MERCAT, Marie-José;

Qualité des produits de porcs gascons élevés en système d'élevage extensif de la filière Noir de Bigorre : effets de la saison et des ressources alimentaires

Abstract

La filière Noir de Bigorre (NB) valorise des porcs de race pure Gascon en viandes et jambon sec (AOC/AOP). Les animaux élevés en conditions extensives (pâturage, 20 porcs/ha) consomment selon la saison de l’herbe, des glands ou autres fruits en complément d’un aliment conventionnel. La variabilité des ressources alimentaires et des conditions climatiques peut influencer la croissance des animaux, la composition et la qualité de la viande et des produits transformés. Cette étude visait à caractériser les niveaux moyens et la variabilité des produits AOC NB selon la saison de finition. Des porcs mâles castrés gascons ont été abattus en fin d’hiver (Répétition 1, R1, n = 25), printemps (R2, n = 23) ou automne (R3, n = 28) à environ 170 kg (14 mois). La saison n’influence pas la vitesse de croissance et modifie peu la composition corporelle (adiposité légèrement accrue en hiver). La viande des porcs R2 et R3 présente un pH ultime plus élevé (Longissimus, Gluteus), une couleur plus rouge et moins claire (Longissimus) et une teneur en lipides intramusculaires (Gluteus) plus élevée, comparé aux porcs R1 (P < 0,01), mais la texture de la viande n’est pas modifiée. La saison associée aux ressources disponibles influence la composition lipidique. Les teneurs en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 (Gluteus, bardière) et vitamine E sont supérieures chez les porcs R2 relativement aux porcs R1 et R3 (P < 0,05), illustrant l’effetfavorable du pâturage sur la valeur nutritionnelle des produits. Ces résultats associés aux qualités sensorielles du jambon sec permettront aux acteurs de la filière d’adapter leurs pratiques d’élevage afin de continuer à améliorer les qualités et différencierleurs produits au sein de l’AOC.

The Noir de Bigorre (NB) chain produces fresh pork and dry cured ham (PDO) from Gascon purebred pigs. Depending on the season, animals reared under extensive conditions (pasture, 20 pigs/ha) consume grass, acorns and other fruits in addition to conventional feed. Variability in food resources and climatic conditions can influence pig growth and the composition and quality of meat and processed products. This study aimed to characterise average levels and variability of NB PDO products according to pig finishing season. Gascon castrated males were slaughtered at the end of winter (Replicate 1, R1, n = 25), spring (R2, n = 23) or fall (R3, n = 28) at about 170 kg (14 months). The season did not influence growth rate and had little effect on body composition (slight increase in fatness in winter). The meat from R2 and R3 pigs had higher ultimate pH (Longissimus, Gluteus), redder and lighter colour (Longissimus) and higher intramuscular fat content (Gluteus) than that from R1 pigs (P < 0.01), whereas the texture was not modified. The season associated with available feeding resources influenced the lipid composition. The levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Gluteus, backfat) and vitamin E were higher in R2 than in R1 and R3 pigs (P < 0.05), illustrating the positive effect of grazing on the nutritional value of products. With these results and the forthcoming sensory qualities of dry cured ham, actors of the NB chain could adapt their breeding practices to improve the qualities further and differentiate the products within the PDO specifications.

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Keywords

race porcine locale, porc gascon, adiposité, composition biochimique, composition des tissus, alimentation animale, composition de la carcasse, élevage extensif, qualité de la viande, qualité des produits, saison, porc

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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