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Article . 2018
License: CC BY
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ZENODO
Article . 2018
License: CC BY
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Article . 2018
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DES TECHNIQUES DE L'ELEVAGE EN BASSE-COUR AUX TECHNIQUES DE L'ELEVAGE INDUSTRIEL : UN APERÇU HISTORIQUE DE L'AVICULTURE FRANÇAISE / FROM REARYARD FARMING TECHNIQUES TO INDUSTRIAL FARMING TECHNIQUES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF FRENCH POULTRY FARMING

Authors: Gnabro Ouakoubo Gaston;

DES TECHNIQUES DE L'ELEVAGE EN BASSE-COUR AUX TECHNIQUES DE L'ELEVAGE INDUSTRIEL : UN APERÇU HISTORIQUE DE L'AVICULTURE FRANÇAISE / FROM REARYARD FARMING TECHNIQUES TO INDUSTRIAL FARMING TECHNIQUES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF FRENCH POULTRY FARMING

Abstract

L’étude effectuée à la fois sur l’élevage en basse-cour et l’élevage industriel français a pour but de donner un aperçu historique concernant les techniques utilisées en basse-cour d’une part, et de présenter un tableau global de l’élevage industriel d’autre part. Il ressort de cette étude que : la majorité des poules élevées autrefois dans les basses-cours était d’origine étrangère et que le nombre de volailles élevées dans ces élevages était restreint. Les oiseaux étaient nourris avec les restes de nourriture consommée par les propriétaires des fermes ; des aliments à base de céréales, des végétaux, etc. jetés au sol où les volailles les picoraient. Certaines basses-cours comportaient un verger où les oiseaux se perchaient sur les branches pour se reposer ou se mettre à l’abri du soleil. La guerre mondiale de 1939-1945 a décimé une grande partie de la basse-cour. A la reprise des activités, l’on s’est orienté vers un nouveau système d’élevage connu sous l’appellation d’élevage industriel qui fournit au marché avicole des milliers de tonnes de carcasses de volailles mais dont les produits sont de plus en plus contestés par des associations des consommateurs. The study on both backyard farming and French industrial breeding is intended to provide a historical overview of the techniques used in poultry on the one hand, and to present an overall picture of poultry farming. This study shows that: the majority of hens formerly raised in the poultry yards were of foreign origin and that the number of poultry kept in these farms was small. The birds were fed with the remains of food eaten by farm owners, grain-based foods, plants, and so on. Thrown to the ground where the birds came to peck at them. Some backyards had orchards where birds perched on branches to rest or shelter from the sun. The World War of 1939-1945 decimated much of the backyard. The resumption of activities led to a new farming system known as industrial breeding, which provides the poultry market with thousands of tons of poultry carcasses but whose products are increasingly more contested by consumer associations.

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