The article deals with methodological aspects of professional adaptation of the future teachers of mathematics as part of the process of formation of readiness to innovative pedagogical activity; propose recommendations about the organization of professional adaptation in the course of studying of disciplines cycle professional and practical training. Under the «readiness of the teacher of mathematics for innovative pedagogical activity» the integrative quality of his personality is understood as the result of the synthesis of motives, values, knowledge, abilities and practical subjective experience and provides successful pedagogical activity aimed at creating, distributing and conscious and expedient use of innovations in the process of teaching mathematics. The methods, forms and methods of organization of professional adaptation of future mathematics teachers during lectures and practical lessons on the academic disciplines «Introduction to the specialty», «Elementary mathematics» and «Methodology of mathematics training» are considered. In particular, it is a combination of traditional and innovative forms and teaching methods with the aim of creating an innovative educational environment (use video lectures, lectures, lectures, questionnaires, practical workshops, workshops, workshops, round tables, seminar-press conference, seminar-debate, etc.), the formation of positive personal value-related attitude towards the profession of a teacher and to mathematics as a science during classes from the educational disciplines «Introduction to the specialty» and «Elementary mathematics» (the use of the synanon method, the use of interactive learning methods. search-research tasks, etc.), overcoming gaps in mathematical preparation (creation of an individual plan, consultations in the mode of mixed learning), organization of quasi-professional activity of students during classes with educational discipline «Methodology of teaching mathematics». Prospects for further research we see in the development of a methodical system of social adaptation of freshmen students to study at a higher educational institution.