This article provides a scientific analysis of the formation of translation studies in the Uzbek literary environment between 1930 and 1970. It examines the expansion of literary translation practices, the establishment of a school of writer-translators, the institutionalization of theoretical thought, and the methodological and practical challenges characteristic of this period. Translation during this era is interpreted not merely as a linguistic transposition of texts, but as a cultural-communicative system that enriched the national literary language, expanded genre-poetic thinking, and connected Uzbek literature with world literature. The article reveals the aesthetic and scientific profile of the period through the activities of such prominent writer-translators as Gafur Gulyam, Abdulla Qahhor, Oybek, Hamid Olimjon, Mirtemir, Zulfiya, and Maqsud Shayxzoda.