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Book . 2026
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Book . 2026
Data sources: Datacite
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The Extreme Duration of Human Life — E. J. Gumbel (1937). Modern LaTeX Edition in Three Languages (French, German, English)

Die extreme Lebensdauer des Menschen
Authors: Brouard, Nicolas; Gumbel, Emil Julius;

The Extreme Duration of Human Life — E. J. Gumbel (1937). Modern LaTeX Edition in Three Languages (French, German, English)

Abstract

This deposit presents a modern edition of E. J. Gumbel's 1937 monographLa durée extrême de la vie humaine (Paris: Hermann, ActualitésScientifiques et Industrielles, no. 520), in three language versions:the original French in a modernised LaTeX typesetting, a Germantranslation, and an English translation. The work is virtually impossible to find today, is rarely cited, andhas never been available on the Internet. It is in the public domain.Its scientific importance rests in particular on equation (29), inwhich Gumbel derives the expectation of life under a Gompertz mortalitylaw as a function of the exponential integral E1 (which he calls thelogarithmic integral), giving gamma = p/e(xi) where p = e·E1(1) =0.596347355. Although equation (29) concerns the expectation of lifeat the modal age at death, the expression for any age followsimmediately from the same change of variable. This result does notappear to have been noted in the actuarial or demographic literaturebefore Gumbel. All 94 numbered equations have been reconstructed in LaTeX from an OCRscan of the original (ABBYY FineReader, 2025) and verified against theprinted text. The 15 figures were extracted from the original PDF at200 DPI. The LaTeX source files and all figures are included alongsidethe compiled PDFs, together with the original scanned PDF. The LaTeX reconstruction and translations were carried out by NicolasBrouard (INED, Paris) with the assistance of Claude (Anthropic,claude.ai, Claude Sonnet 4, 2026).

Dieses Deposit enthält eine moderne Ausgabe der Monographie von E. J. GumbelLa durée extrême de la vie humaine (Paris: Hermann, 1937, ActualitésScientifiques et Industrielles, Nr. 520) in drei Sprachversionen:den französischen Originaltext in moderner LaTeX-Setzung, eine deutscheÜbersetzung und eine englische Übersetzung. Das Werk ist heute praktisch nicht mehr auffindbar, wird selten zitiertund war noch nie im Internet verfügbar. Es ist gemeinfrei. Seinewissenschaftliche Bedeutung liegt insbesondere in Gleichung (29), in derGumbel die Lebenserwartung unter einem Gompertz-Sterblichkeitsgesetz alsFunktion des Exponentialintegrals E1 (das er als logarithmisches Integralbezeichnet) herleitet: gamma = p/e(xi) mit p = e·E1(1) = 0,596347355.Obwohl Gleichung (29) nur die Lebenserwartung beim modalen Sterbealterbetrifft, ergibt sich ihr Ausdruck für ein beliebiges Alter unmittelbaraus derselben Substitution. Dieses Ergebnis scheint in der versicherungs-mathematischen oder demographischen Literatur vor Gumbel nicht erwähntworden zu sein. Die LaTeX-Rekonstruktion und die Übersetzungen wurden von Nicolas Brouard(INED, Paris) mit Unterstützung von Claude (Anthropic, claude.ai,Claude Sonnet 4, 2026) durchgeführt.

Ce dépôt présente une édition moderne de la monographie d'E. J. GumbelLa durée extrême de la vie humaine (Paris : Hermann, 1937, ActualitésScientifiques et Industrielles, n° 520), en trois versions linguistiques :le texte original français en composition LaTeX modernisée, une traductionallemande et une traduction anglaise. Cet ouvrage est aujourd'hui introuvable, rarement cité, et n'a jamaisété disponible sur Internet. Il est dans le domaine public. Son intérêtscientifique réside notamment dans l'équation (29), où Gumbel dérivel'espérance de vie sous une loi de mortalité de Gompertz comme fonctionde l'intégrale exponentielle E1 (qu'il appelle logarithme intégral),donnant gamma = p/e(xi) avec p = e·E1(1) = 0,596347355. Bien quel'équation (29) ne concerne que l'espérance de vie à l'âge modal audécès, son expression pour un âge quelconque en découle par le mêmechangement de variable. Ce résultat ne semble pas avoir été signalédans la littérature actuarielle ou démographique avant Gumbel. La reconstruction LaTeX et les traductions ont été réalisées parNicolas Brouard (INED, Paris) avec l'assistance de Claude (Anthropic,claude.ai, Claude Sonnet 4, 2026).

Keywords

Biometry, Longevity, (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride, Models, Theoretical, History, 20th Century, Survival Analysis, FOS: Sociology, Life Expectancy, Mathematical model, Statistics and probability, Mortality, Demography, Statistical Distributions, Probability

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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