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ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Memory Architectures Beyond Attention: Disambiguating Four Memory Concepts and the Long-Context Reasoning Frontier

Authors: Mahendrakar, Pranay;

Memory Architectures Beyond Attention: Disambiguating Four Memory Concepts and the Long-Context Reasoning Frontier

Abstract

State-space models did not merely "open a door" beyond attention; they walked through it. Mamba, Mamba-2, Samba,Jamba, Granite 4, Hymba, and a growing family of hybrid attention-SSM architectures are now in production language models,demonstrating that linear-time alternatives to attention can match transformers on language modelling at competitive scales.The simultaneous expansion of pure-attention context windows — Gemini 1.5 and successors handling up to 10 million tokenswith near-perfect needle-in-haystack recall — has changed the empirical landscape that motivated SSM research in the firstplace. The popular framing of "memory architectures beyond attention" has not kept up with this. This paper makes threeclaims. First, the word "memory" in the long-context discussion conflates four distinct concepts — architectural state, contextwindow, external retrieval, and persistent agent memory — each with different scaling properties and different researchquestions. Second, the empirical picture is more nuanced than either the SSM-replaces-attention or the attention-is-enoughframings: SSMs win on very long passive recall and inference efficiency, transformers win on complex reasoning, hybrids winin deployment, and the choice between them is task-dependent. Third, the genuine open frontier is reasoning at long context— not retrieval, which is largely solved — and benchmarks like MathHay (51% accuracy at 128K tokens for Gemini-1.5-Pro)make the gap quantitatively visible. We propose a research agenda focused on architecture-task fit, hierarchical multi-scalememory, and reasoning-aware long-context evaluation.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green