Datasets used in the analysis for Parkinson (2026) “Fifteen thousand years of bioarchaeological data reveal life history trade-offs among Europe’s first farmers”, including body size (n = 3,007 individuals from 362 archaeological sites), stable isotopes (n = 30,937 human individuals from 1343 archaeological sites; faunal baseline n = 7,792 terrestrial and n = 891 marine samples), long bone cross-sectional geometry (n = 2150 individuals from 257 sites) and radiocarbon dates (n = 60,197 dates from 16,412 archaeological sites). These datasets have been collated from electronic and print original publications, and existing databases/digital archives.