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Project deliverable . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Project deliverable . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Blended higher education in Europe

A review of frameworks and principles for design, quality and maturity
Authors: Goeman, Katie; Galhenage Galvão, Amalsha; Cherbonnier, Anthony; Heutte, Jean; Ruhalahti, Sanna; Lehto, Teija; Katto, Leena;

Blended higher education in Europe

Abstract

This systematic review examines the design principles and quality assurance practices that support effective blended practices in higher education. Conducted within the context of the EMBED+ project, the review synthesizes literature published between 2020 and 2025 to understand how blended practices can be designed, supported, and sustained across diverse organisational contexts. Across the literature, several design principles consistently emerge, including active learning and student engagement, meaningful assessment and feedback, scaffolding, learner autonomy, collaborative and social learning, curricular alignment, motivational and inclusive design, and real-world relevance supported by appropriate technology integration. At the organizational level, studies emphasize the role of sustained professional development, leadership commitment, coordinated support structures, and continuous cycles of evaluation and improvement. Collectively, this body of work indicates that technology is most effective when it is purposefully embedded to enhance interaction, flexibility, and personalized learning, rather than functioning as a driver of educational design in its own right. Quality assurance and maturity practices are less consistently addressed in the literature but remain critical for scalability and sustainability. Evidence suggests that institutions benefit from embedding quality processes throughout the lifecycle of blended education (planning, design, delivery, and evaluation) supported by frameworks, accessible data, and feedback mechanisms. Overall, the review provides a consolidated evidence base for strengthening blended practices in higher education. It shows that effective blended education is a whole-institution endeavor requiring continuous quality improvement. These findings inform the ongoing development of the EMBED+ project, including the renewed maturity model, the maturity matrix and its resources hub. It offers as well actionable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers aiming to advance blended practices in higher education.

Keywords

Blended learning, Higher education, Education

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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