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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Serendipity and the Limits of Output-Based Research Evaluation

Authors: Pacheco-Torgal, F.;

Serendipity and the Limits of Output-Based Research Evaluation

Abstract

This letter responds to Park and Suh article, published in the journal Technological Forecasting and Social Change, which investigates the emergence of use-inspired researchers within a South Korean public research institute using Stokes’ Pasteur’s Quadrant framework. While the study provides valuable empirical insights into the institutional dynamics of use-inspired research, two key issues warrant further discussion. First, the article does not consider the role of serendipity in scientific discovery. A growing body of literature in the sociology and philosophy of science emphasizes that many major breakthroughs arise from unexpected observations and exploratory inquiry rather than from narrowly defined research objectives. Contemporary research governance systems that prioritize predictable impact and measurable outputs may therefore overlook important mechanisms of scientific creativity. Second, the study relies heavily on patent counts as indicators of technological contribution. However, existing research suggests that patent statistics often provide an incomplete and potentially misleading representation of innovation. 

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Keywords

Research Metrics, Serendipity, Use-Inspired Research, Pasteur´s Quadrant, Patents

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average