The article examines the main components of linguoculturological competence in literary translation on the basis of Abdulla Qodiriy’s novel O‘tkan kunlar (“Bygone Days”) and its English translations. The study analyzes concepts, cultural codes, realia, and elements of national mentality, as well as the ways these are conveyed in translation. Particular attention is paid to translation strategies and the degree to which the cultural content of the original work is preserved. The research results confirm the importance of developing linguoculturological competence in order to improve the quality of literary translation.