This book describes synthetically, with an easy to understand way and documented details, much historical, anthropological, linguistic and biographical information on the history of the decipherment of Maya writing. This work is the only comprehensive Greek study devoted to the culture of the Maya hitherto and it is mainly based on the way the latter was viewed and studied by Western scholars. The story of the decipherment of Maya writing is an achievement that took 500 years to complete. In this process, soldiers and priests, linguists and historians, archaeologists and explorers, adventurers and artists, occultists and collectors, spies, scientific institutes and representatives of nations and kings involved, but also many others. Even today, the decipherment of the Maya writing has not been entirely finished. This writing system, being a complex way of expression and using hieroglyphics and vocal signs corresponding to syllables, reveals the complexity of a distant civilization, which had no contact with the Western world before the 16th century, when the Spanish conquistadors began its conquest.