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Development of Cosputtered Amorphous Ge–Bi–Se Films for Nonlinear Infrared Photonic Applications

Authors: Viswanathan, Anupama; Ghandaoui, Youssef; Gutwirth, Jan; Halenkovic, Tomas; Hammouti, Abdelali; Slang, Stanislav; Pavlišta, Martin; +8 Authors

Development of Cosputtered Amorphous Ge–Bi–Se Films for Nonlinear Infrared Photonic Applications

Abstract

Accepted manuscript of a journal paper published in ACS Applied Optical Materials. Abstract: RF magnetron cosputtered amorphous Ge–Bi–Se films were fabricated using polycrystalline GeSe2 and Bi2Se3 targets. Their structural, linear, and nonlinear optical properties were studied to understand compositional influence for future photonic applications. A broader Ge–Bi–Se amorphous region with a noticeably high bismuth atomic percentage (up to at % Bi = 36%) is observed using this deposition method compared to ≤16 at % in the conventional Ge20Se80–xBix bulk glass synthesis [Ikari, T. Phys. Rev. B 1993, 47(9), 4984]. The structural characteristics of the cosputtered films were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, where increasing bismuth concentration shifted all vibrational bands to the lower energy side with reduced intensity. A decrease in optical band gap energy values from 2.04 (±0.02) eV (Bi atom % = 0) to 0.73 (±0.02) eV (Bi atom % = 36) and the corresponding increase in refractive index value n from 2.41 (±0.01) to 4.09 (±0.01) at telecommunication wavelength indicate the strong influence of bismuth on the optical properties of the films. Third-order nonlinear optical parameters were calculated from linear parameters using semiempirical equations and Sheik-Bahae formalism in order to allow their prediction according to the film composition and taking into account the wavelength of use. Following these simulations, which enabled the selection of promising compositions in terms of optical nonlinearity applications, this work also focused on demonstrating the feasibility of manufacturing ridge waveguides from these cosputtered films by RF magnetron using dry etching with the aim of offering Ge–Bi–Se-based integrated optical circuits.

Country
France
Keywords

optical properties, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Amorphous solid, Crystallography, cosputtering, IR photonics, Physics, nonlinearity, Optics, waveguides, amorphous materials, Materials science, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Chemistry, Photonics, thin films, Raman spectroscopy, Nanotechnology, chalcogenides, Ge−Bi−Se, Optoelectronics, Infrared

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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