
In Northwest Gbaya there is a single dedicated negative marker ná which is reconstructed in Proto-Gbaya. It is placed after the verb, in the very last position of theverb phrase. For standard negation, negative verbal constructions are symmetric inrealis mood, as the negator is simply added with no changes, but there is a paradigmatic asymmetry as perfective forms are blocked in the negative. The paradigm ofthe imperfective forms is narrowed to three forms. In the virtual mood, both perfective and imperfective forms carry the negator, but these paradigms are narrowedto the two neutral forms. Attributive verbal predication can be negated but thisis not frequent. In the command mood, the construction is the same as in Realismood, but there are two new forms dedicated to negative commands (vetitive andprohibitive). All non-verbal predications (identificational, locative, existential andpresentative) add the potential verb be ‘can be’ when negated. This potential verbcarries the negator which is placed clause-finally. Finally, there is a constituentnegator to negate any element except a predicate.
non, Gbaya, Congo, verbal predication, negation, Niger
non, Gbaya, Congo, verbal predication, negation, Niger
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