17. Guatteria australis A.St.-Hil. — Fig. 16; Plate 1h; Map 6 Guatteria australis A.St.-Hil. (1825) 37; R. E.Fr. (1939) 306, t. 1. — Guatteria australis var. glabrata Mart. (1841) 26. — Type: A.C.F.P. de Saint-Hilaire 1452 (holo P 3 sheets), Brazil, São Paulo, Itararé (‘bords of Tararé’), Jan. 1817. Guatteria gomeziana A.St.-Hil. (1825) 36; R. E.Fr. (1939) 319. — Type: A. F. C. P. de Saint-Hilaire 560 (holo P 2 sheets; iso K), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Piracicaba (‘ Itajuru de São Miguel de Mato Dentro’), Jan.–Feb. 1817. Guatteria lutea A.St.-Hil. (1825) 37; R. E. Fr. (1939) 322. — Guatteria flava A.St.-Hil.ex Mart.(1841) 27,nom.superfl. — Type: A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire 304 (holo P), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto (‘ entre Vila Rica et Antônio Pereira’), Jan. 1817. Uvaria hirsuta Vell. (1829) 224; (1831) t. 124, nom. illeg., non Uvaria hirsuta Jack (1820) 46. — Type: Velloso’s plate 124 (lecto, selected by Maas et al. 2011). Uvaria monosperma Vell. (1829) 224; (1831) t. 123, nom. illeg., non Uvaria monosperma Lam.(1785) 596. — Type:Velloso’s plate 123 (lecto,selected by Maas et al. 2011). Guatteria hilariana Schltdl. (1834) 324; R.E.Fr. (1939) 396. — Guatteria hilariana f. latifolia Schltdl. (1834) 324. — Guatteria hilariana var. latifolia (Schltdl.) Mart. (1841) 35. — Type: Sellow s.n. (holo B; iso HAL), Brazil, without locality and date. Guatteria hilariana Schltdl. f. angustifolia Schltdl. (1834) 324; R. E.Fr. (1939) 397. — Guatteria hilariana var. angustifolia (Schltdl.) Mart. (1841) 35. — Type: Sellow 5943 p.p. (holo B 2 sheets; iso HAL), Brazil, São Paulo, Santos, Apr.–July 1829. Guatteria psilopus Mart. (1841) 27, t. 7, f. 1; R. E.Fr. (1939) 339. — Type: Luschnath s.n. (holo BR), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Serra dos Orgãos, June 1834. Guatteria acutiflora Mart.(1841) 29. — Type: Wied zu Neuwied s.n. (lecto BR, selected by Moraes 2013; isolecto BR, MEL), Brazil, Bahia, Nova Almeida (‘crescit in silvis ad Villam Novam de Almeida’), Mar. 1816. Guatteria nigrescens Mart. (1841) 31; R.E.Fr. (1939) 319. — Guatteria nigrescens Mart.var. oblongifolia Mart.(1841) 31. — Type: Martius s.n. (lecto M, selected by Fries 1939), Brazil, São Paulo, Guaratinguetá, Dec. 1817. Guatteria densicoma Mart.(1841) 32; R. E.Fr. (1939) 309,f. 3b,t. 3. — Type: Martius 711 (holo M; iso B, BR 4 sheets, F, G, HAL, K, NY, P), Brazil, Bahia, Ilhéus, Fazenda Almada, Dec. 1818. Guatteria klotzschiana Mart.(1841) 32; R. E.Fr. (1939) 327,f. 5d–f. — Cananga klotzschiana (Mart.) Warm. (1873) 145. — Type: Schott s.n. (holo BR 2 sheets; iso B, F, US), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, ‘prope Tocaia’. Guatteria odontopetala Mart. (1841) 33, t. 11; R.E.Fr. (1939) 407. — Type: Pohl 2964 (lecto M, selected by Fries 1939; isolecto B, BR, F, G), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Manoel Pereira. Guatteria hookeri A.St.-Hil. & Tul. (1842) 132; R. E.Fr. (1939) 342, f. 6c, d. — Type: Gardner 306 p. p. (holo P 3 sheets; iso BM, E, F, G, K 3 sheets, LZ, NY, OXF, S), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Organ Mountains, banks of the River Paquequer, Mar. 1837. Guatteria neglecta R.E.Fr. (1939) 308, f. 3a, t. 2. — Type: Dusén 6780 p.p. (holo S 2 sheets; iso F, K, L, MO, NY 2 sheets, P, U), Brazil, Paraná, Morretes, Jacareí (‘Jacarehý’), 30 Sept. 1908. Guatteria polycarpa R.E.Fr. [subsp. polycarpa] (1939) 310, t. 4. — Type: Dusén 7414 (holo S; iso F, K, L, MO, NY, P), Brazil, Paraná, Piraquara, Roça Nova-Banhado, 30 Dec. 1908. Guatteria polycarpa R.E.Fr. subsp. drupacea R.E.Fr. (1939) 311, f. 3c. — Type: J.G. Kuhlmann RB 19677 (holo S; iso RB), Brazil, São Paulo,without locality, 26 Sept. 1922. Guatteria glabrescens R.E.Fr. (1939) 311, t. 5. — Type: J.G. Kuhlmann RB 4483 (holo S; iso F, G, RB 2 sheets), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Reserva Florestal da fábrica Alliança, 11 Jan. 1922. Guatteria fruticosa R.E.Fr. (1939) 312, t. 6. — Type: LÖfgren 531 (holo S), Brazil, São Paulo, São José dos Campos, 14 Dec. 1909. Guatteria dusenii R.E.Fr. (1939) 313, t. 7. — Type: Dusén 13752 (holo S; iso L, MO), Brazil, Paraná, Guaratuba, July 1911. Guatteria dusenii R.E.Fr. var. subglabra R.E.Fr. (1939) 313. — Type: Dusén 4497 (holo S), Brazil, Paraná,Paranaguá (‘ Porto D. Pedro II’), 19 Apr.1904. Guatteria paranensis R.E.Fr. (1939) 314, t. 8. — Type: Dusén 6780 p.p. (holo S), Brazil, Paraná, Morretes, Jacareí (‘Jacarehý’), 30 Sept. 1908. Guatteria parvifolia R.E.Fr. (1939) 314,t. 9. — Type: F.C. Hoehne SP 28405 (holo S; iso B, F, HB, K, MO, SP, SPF, US), Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Parque do Estado, 28 Oct. 1931. Guatteria parvifolia R.E.Fr. var. vestita R.E.Fr. (1939) 315. — Type: Sellow 211 (holo B; iso K), Brazil, São Paulo, without locality and date. Guatteria salicifolia R.E.Fr. [var. salicifolia] (1939) 316, t. 10, f. 3d. — Type: Glaziou 7508 (holo B; iso C, K, MG, P), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca, 21 Dec. 1874. Guatteria salicifolia R.E.Fr. var. erosa R.E.Fr. (1939) 316. — Type: Dusén s.n. (holo S; iso F), Brazil, Paraná, Morretes, Jacareí (‘Jacareý’), 1914. Guatteria curvinervia R.E.Fr. (1939) 317, t. 11. — Type: Frazão 8667 (holo S; iso RB), Brazil, São Paulo, Barretos, Dec. 1917. Guatteria mosenii R.E.Fr. (1939) 321. — Type: Mosén 4002 (holo S), Brazil, São Paulo (‘ Serra do Caracol’), 15 Dec. 1875. Guatteria asterantha R.E.Fr. (1939) 323,t. 12. — Type: Mexia 5485 (holo S; iso BM, F 2 sheets, G, K, NY, U, US), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa (‘road to Cajurý, Canella’), 750 m, 7 Jan. 1931. Guatteria acutipetala R.E.Fr. (1939) 324, t. 13. — Type: Ule 3962 (holo B), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Jan. 1897. Guatteria reflexa R.E.Fr. (1939) 329. — Type: Glaziou 5725 (holo S; iso B, C, F, K, P, R, RB), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Morro da Viração, 28 July 1870. Guatteria silvatica R.E.Fr.(1939) 330. — Type: Peckolt 151 (holo BR), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cantagalo (‘Canta Gallo’), 1857. Guatteria blanchetiana R.E.Fr. (1939) 331, t. 14. — Type: Blanchet 2114 (holo G 6 sheets; iso B, BM, F, FI, K 2 sheets, MO, NY, P 2 sheets, W), Brazil, Bahia, Ilhéus, Fazenda Almada, 1835. Guatteria dimorphopetala R.E.Fr. (1939) 333,f. 5c. — Type: Sellow 175 (holo B), Brazil, between Vitoria (Espírito Santo) and Bahia. Guatteria clavigera R.E.Fr. (1939) 334, f. 5g, h. — Type: Koscinsky 214 (holo S; iso SP), Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Serra da Cantareira, 15 Dec.1933. Guatteria riedeliana R.E.Fr. (1939) 339, f. 6a, b. — Type: Riedel 424 (holo S; iso LE, NY, U), Brazil, Bahia, Castelnovo, Nov. 1821. Guatteria penduliflora R.E.Fr. (1939) 341,t. 15. — Type: Allemão e Cysneiro s.n. (holo G 2 sheets), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, without locality, 1860. Guatteria minarum R.E.Fr. (1939) 346, t. 16. — Type: Mexia 5130 (holo S; iso BM, C, F 2 sheets, G, K, NA, NY, U), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa (‘Fazenda Paraiso’), 1 Oct. 1930. Guatteria hilariana Schltdl.var. cuneata R.E.Fr. (1939) 397. — Type: Burchell 3366 (holo K; iso K, P), Brazil, São Paulo, Santos, Montserrat, NE part of island São Vicente, 3 Nov. 1826. Guatteria hilariana Schltdl. var. verruculosa R.E.Fr. (1939) 397. — Type: Mosén 3337 (holo S; iso B, P, US), Brazil, São Paulo, Santos, Baturoca, 25 Jan. 1875. Guatteria sordida R.E.Fr. [var. sordida] (1939) 532. — Guatteria sordida var. stenopetala R.E.Fr. (1939) 533, t. 39 p. p. — Type: Lund 959 (syn C), Brazil, São Paulo, Mogi (‘Mugy’), Nov. 1833 and Lund s.n. (syn C), Brazil, São Paulo, without locality and date. Guatteria sordida R.E.Fr. var. lancifolia R.E.Fr. (1939) 533,t. 39 p. p. — Type: Riedel 1689 p.p. (holo S; iso K), Brazil, São Paulo, Mogi (‘prope Muji’), Nov. 1833. Guatteria sordida R.E.Fr. var. ovalis R.E.Fr. (1939) 533, t. 39 p. p. — Type: Riedel 1689 p.p. (holo S; iso B, K, P), Brazil, São Paulo, Mogi (‘prope Muji’), Nov. 1833. Guatteria tenuis R.E.Fr. (1939) 535, t. 40. — Type: Mexia 5482 (holo S; iso BM,F, G, K, U), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Fazenda do Deserto, 690 m, 5 Jan. 1931. Tree 1–26 m tall, 6–20 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with appressed, rarely erect hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2–8 mm long, 1–3 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5–20 by 1.5–7 cm (leaf index 2–6.7(–9.5)), chartaceous, not verruculose, shiny, blackish green to blue above, pale brown to brown below, sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous above, densely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous below, base acute to attenuate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 8–20 on either side of primary vein, raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers solitary in axils of leaves or on leafless branchlets; flowering and fruiting pedicels 15–60 mm long, 1–3 mm diam, densely covered with appressed, brown hairs to glabrous, articulated at 0.2–0.3 from the base, bracts 3–5, soon falling, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 4–7(–20) mm long; flower buds broadly ovoid; sepals free, broadly triangular, 5–10 by 5–7 mm, reflexed, outer side glabrous; petals cream in vivo, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 10–38 by 5–20 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed, brown hairs to glabrous; stamens c. 2 mm long, connective shield hairy. Monocarps 15–45, green, maturing red to purple-black in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid, 6–15 by 5–7 mm, glabrous, apex apiculate (apiculum c. 0.5 mm long), wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 10–30 by 1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 6–10 by 5–7 mm, dark brown, rugulose, raphe not distinct from rest of seed. Distribution — Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo). Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated and periodically inundated, often Atlantic forest, or cerrado, on clayey to sandy soil.At elevations of 0–2000 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year. Vernacular names — Brazil: Cambuí (P. Rosa RB 81409), Imbira (H. C. Lima 3405), Pindaíba. Note — Guatteria australis is very variable, generally being characterized by medium-sized leaves (5–20 by 1.5–7 cm) with acute to acuminate apex and flowering pedicels often around 50 mm long. The indument is also highly variable, individuals with glabrous branches and leaves (e.g., Dusén 13746 from Guaratuba, Paraná) occurring in the same area as individuals with a dense hair cover on branches and the lower side of leaves (e.g., Barbosa 556, also from Guaratuba, Paraná). Guatteria acutiflora was recently added to the synonymy of G. australis (Lobão et al. 2012). Guatteria acutiflora supposedly differs from the latter by rounded leaf bases (Von Martius 1841), but, as Lobão found a rounded leaf base in several specimens of G. australis as well, she sees no justification for keeping the two species apart. The name G. acutiflora DC (De Candolle 1817) is cited in reference to G. acutifolia Dunal and is an orthographic variant (art. 60.1 ICBN).

Published as part of Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), pp. 1-219 in Blumea 60 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X690341, http://zenodo.org/record/16855128