Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting a child's social communication, interaction, and behavior. In modern society, the prevalence of ASD in children is increasingly rising, making it a significant mental health concern. Given the urgent need for early detection and intervention for children with ASD, especially in urban areas like Hanoi, this study aims to describe the level of understanding, attitudes, and factors influencing Hanoi residents' awareness of ASD. Results from a sociological survey of 256 valid questionnaires indicate that Hanoi residents have a relatively positive level of awareness, particularly regarding basic signs and the importance of early intervention. However, the ability to distinguish ASD from other developmental disorders remains limited; family and friends have minimal impact on awareness, while media and the community play prominent roles. The study proposes enhancing standardized communication, training teachers and parents, and implementing community support programs to raise awareness and reduce stigma.