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Deterministic Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanostructures on Optical Nanofibers via Blurred Electron Beam Deposition

Authors: Balena, Antonio; d'Amato, Marianna; Kashif, Muhammad Fayyaz; Ding, Chengjie; Belzane, Lucien; de Marzo, Gaia; Le Jeannic, Hanna; +3 Authors

Deterministic Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanostructures on Optical Nanofibers via Blurred Electron Beam Deposition

Abstract

Abstract This study introduces a novel method for the deterministic fabrication of metallic nanostructures with controlled geometry and composition on suspended, single‐mode tapered optical nanofibers (TNFs) using a tailored Blurred Electron Beam Induced Deposition (BEBID) technique. TNFs, owing to their subwavelength diameters and intense evanescent fields, offer a unique platform for enhanced light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, their mechanical fragility has thus far hindered the integration of plasmonic structures using conventional high‐energy deposition methods. BEBID addresses this limitation by deliberately defocusing the electron beam to reduce local mechanical stress, minimize vibration, and prevent fiber damage during deposition, thereby enabling the one‐step growth of platinum nanopillars with sub‐20 nm spatial precision and high structural fidelity directly on suspended TNFs. The fabricated structures are characterized using SEM, EDX, and their optical properties are investigated through broadband scattering spectra and polarization‐resolved measurements, showing strong agreement with Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) simulations. Numerical modeling further reveals that ordered arrays of nanopillars can shape and direct the scattered field along the fiber axis, enabling directional emission. This work establishes BEBID as a versatile nanofabrication approach for functional photonic architectures on fragile substrates, with direct applications in quantum photonics, nano‐optics, and on‐fiber plasmonic sensing.

Countries
Denmark, France
Keywords

optical nanofibers, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Nanofabrication, plasmonics, electron beam induced deposition, nanofabrication, Plasmonics, Optical nanofibers, Electron beam induced deposition, Physics - Optics, Research Article, Optics (physics.optics)

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    2
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold