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ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The environmental bill of the top 10% consumers

Authors: Schrijver, Inge; Hoekstra, Rutger; Behrens, Paul;

The environmental bill of the top 10% consumers

Abstract

Abstract: The top 10% of global consumers are disproportionally responsible for transgressing planetary boundaries, creating damages for which broader society bears the costs. By monetising the climate change, biosphere integrity, biogeochemical cycle, and freshwater-use footprints for these consumers we estimate annual damages owed of $1.2-$3.9 trillion, equivalent to $1.5k-$5.1k per person (in $2017), surpassing international climate and biodiversity financing gaps. The top 10% US consumers see a bill of $21k-$69k, equal to 7%-22% of their income or 1%-3% of their wealth. Biodiversity loss and climate change comprise the largest damage bill, together totalling 87%-91% of the global total. These costs highlight the mitigation responsibility of the top 10% and illustrate the potential revenue of environmental taxes if the polluter-pays principle is adopted.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Environmental tax, Environmental Justice, Environmental costs, Planetary boundaries

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center