Figure 3. The head skeleton of Acanthodes confusus MNHN-F-SAA20, visualized using computed tomography. A, in right lateral view. B, in left lateral view. Abbreviations: basibr., basibranchial; basiocc., basioccipital; basisph., basisphenoid; ceratobr., ceratobranchials; ceratohy., ceratohyal; dors. oss., dorsal ossification of neurocranium; epibr., epibranchial; gul. ray., gular rays; hyomand., hyomandibula; hypobr., hypobranchials; L., left; mand. sp., mandibular splint; Meck., Meckel's cartilage; pharbr., pharyngobranchials; pecsp., pectoral fin spine; pq. autop., palatoquadrate autopalatine; pq. metapt., palatoquadrate metapterygoid; pq. quad., palatoquadrate quadrate; R., right; rak. br., branchial rakers; rak. hy., hyoid rakers; scapcor., scapulocoracoids; scler., sclerotic ring. Colour scheme: blue-greens, elements of visceral endoskeleton with mandibular arch, hyoid arch, hypobranchials, ceratobranchials, epibranchials, and pharyngobranchials coloured independently; dark grey, cranial and pectoral endoskeleton; light grey, elements of the dermal skeleton. Scale bar = 20 mm.

Published as part of Dearden, Richard P., Herrel, Anthony & Pradel, Alan, 2025, Te pharynx of the iconic stem-group chondrichthyan Acanthodes Agassiz, 1833 revisited with micro-computed tomography, pp. 1-19 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Statistics in Society) 203 (2) on page 5, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae058, http://zenodo.org/record/14971765