XRONOS is an open-access, structured dataset designed to facilitate the study of archaeological chronologies by aggregating and standardizing radiocarbon and other dating evidence from various published sources. The dataset provides a comprehensive and curated collection of chronological data relevant to prehistoric and historical research, ensuring transparency and interoperability for the broader archaeological and scientific community. Contents: Radiocarbon Dates: Standardized C-14 dates with contextual metadata (e.g., sample material, lab number, δ¹³C values, associated cultural phase). Site Metadata: Geographic coordinates, site names, excavation details, and references. Provenance and References: Source publications and datasets from which data has been extracted, ensuring traceability. Data Standardization: Harmonized chronological information following FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Use Cases: Archaeological modeling and Bayesian chronological analysis. Comparative studies of cultural and environmental transitions over time. Integration into GIS-based spatial analyses of prehistoric and historical sites. Interdisciplinary applications in paleoenvironmental and human-ecological studies.