(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus Emballonura, a member of the Old World tribe Emballonurini (Family Emballonuridae), is paraphyletic. This genus has a broad distribution across islands in the Indo-Pacific, southern Asia, and Madagascar. The paraphyly is the result of the genus Coleura, known from subSaharan Africa, portions of the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and the Seychelles, being embedded between the Malagasy and Asian/Indo-Pacific clades of Emballonura, and the latter clade has priority for the use of the name. To resolve this situation, we propose a new genus for the Malagasy Emballonura clade. Furthermore, with greater molecular sampling of Coleura across portions of its range in association with morphological and bioacoustical characters, we are able to resolve aspects of the phylogenetic history and species limits of this genus. Coleura contains two well supported clades, including C. afra from mainland Tanzania and the offshore island of Pemba and a sister clade composed of C. cf. afra from Madagascar and C. seychellensis from the Seychelles. The average genetic distance between animals from Madagascar and the Seychelles is 6%, whereas Pemba/Tanzania and Madagascar is 10%. Because of the paraphyletic relationship of populations of C. afra with respect to C. seychellensis, we describe a new species of Coleura from Madagascar.