This paper explores the impact of teacher accountability on student achievement in primary and secondary education. Teacher accountability refers to the mechanisms that hold educators responsible for their students’ learning outcomes, often linked to assessment results. In recent years, numerous educational reforms aimed at increasing accountability have been implemented across various educational systems. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the relationship between teacher accountability and student academic performance, leveraging quantitative data from standardized test scores and qualitative insights garnered from interviews with educators. Results indicate a positive correlation between teacher accountability measures and enhanced student achievement, while also revealing nuanced perspectives from teachers about the implications of these accountability systems on their instructional practices and professional morale. The findings underscore the complex interplay between accountability and educational outcomes and offer recommendations for policymakers to consider more holistic approaches to educational accountability.